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Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Summary
This Indonesian study detected and characterized microplastics in bottled drinking water (AMDK) sold in Semarang, Central Java. Bottled water is widely consumed as a supposedly hygienic alternative to tap water, making findings of microplastic contamination in this product category particularly relevant to understanding direct human ingestion pathways.
Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran 1–5000 μm. Mikroplastik dapat ditemukan dimana saja dan salah satunya adalah pada air minum. Air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) selama ini dianggap sebagai produk higienis sehingga aman dikonsumsi, dan menjadi andalan masyarakat untuk memenuhi asupan cairan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan mikroplastik yang terdapat dalam AMDK yang beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel berupa AMDK merek A dan P dalam kemasan botol plastik bervolume 600 dan 500 mL serta gallon bervolume 19 Liter diambil dari distributornya di Kota Semarang, yang dipanaskan dengan sinar matahari pada suhu 28 dan 40oC. Air sampel kemudian disaring menggunakan membrane filter PTFE hydrophilic dengan pori 0,22 µm dan dikeringkan dalam desikator selama 24 jam, ditimbang serta diamati dengan mikroskop stereo dan dengan FTIR Spectometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di semua sampel terdapat mikroplastik dalam bentuk fragmen dan fiber yang berturut-turut berukuran 1,91-44,85µm dan 2,94-130,02 µm. Mikroplastik berukuran 1–10 µm mempunyai angka Z-score terbesar yaitu 1,953. Jumlah dan berat mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada air dalam kemasan botol P pada suhu 40oC yaitu 97 partikel/500 mL dan 0,0136 gr. Mikroplastik yang ada dalam AMDK merupakan plastic dengan gugus fungsi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yang diperkirakan berasal dari kemasan AMDK tersebut. Microplastics are plastic particles measuring 1–5000 μm. Microplastics can be found anywhere, and one of them is in drinking water. Bottled drinking water (or Air Minum dalam kemasan/AMDK) has long been considered hygienic. Hence, it is safe for consumption and has become a mainstay for people to fulfill their body's fluid intake. This research aims to analyze the microplastic content in AMDK marketed in Semarang, Central Java. Samples in the form of AMDK brands A and P in plastic bottles of 600 and 500 ml and gallons with a volume of 19 liters were taken from the distributor in Semarang City, which were heated with sunlight at temperatures of 28 and 40oC. The sample water was then filtered using a PTFE hydrophilic membrane filter with 0.22 µm pores, dried in a desiccator for 24 hours, weighed, and observed with a stereo microscope and an FTIR Spectrometer. The results showed that there were microplastics in all samples in fragments and fibers measuring 1.91-44.85µm and 2.94-130.02µm, respectively. Microplastics measuring 1–10µm have the largest Z-score, i.e. 1.953. The highest number and weight of microplastics were found in P bottles of water at a temperature f 40oC, i.e. ,97 particles/500 mL and 0.0136 gr. The microplastics in AMDK are plastics with the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) functional group, which is thought to come from their packaging
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