Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of college students in disposing used masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta Province

Not relevant to microplastics — this study surveys knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Jakarta college students regarding disposal of used face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, without addressing microplastic contamination from masks.

2024 F1000Research 2 citations
Article Tier 2

A Descriptive Analytical Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice of Proper Face Mask Wearing among Healthcare Professionals, Patients and Attendants in a Tertiary Care Center of North India

Researchers conducted a descriptive study assessing healthcare workers' knowledge and practice of proper face mask disposal during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, finding widespread improper disposal practices including littering and mixing with general waste. The study identifies training gaps and recommends clearer disposal guidelines to prevent face masks from entering the environment as a microplastic source.

2024 The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences
Article Tier 2

Behaviors and attitudes concerning disposable masks and the environment: A D.C. high school case study

This case study examined high school students' behaviors and attitudes toward disposable mask disposal during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding widespread environmental contamination with masks that shed microplastics. The study highlights the gap between students' environmental awareness and their actual disposal behaviors.

2024 Journal of Emerging Investigators
Article Tier 2

Comparative Analysis of Face Mask Usage and Environmental Impact in Asian Cities during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

This comparative analysis examined face mask usage patterns and their environmental impact across Asian cities, estimating the volume of mask waste generated and the resulting microplastic and fiber pollution from improper disposal.

2024 Sustainability 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Global face mask pollution: threats to the environment and wildlife, and potential solutions

Researchers reviewed the global face mask pollution crisis following COVID-19, estimating massive production volumes and finding that most disposal pathways generate secondary microplastic pollution or toxic emissions, and proposing countermeasures including biodegradable mask development and improved waste management policy.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 86 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics from face masks: A potential hazard post Covid-19 pandemic

Researchers quantified the annual face mask usage and associated plastic waste across 36 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, estimating total annual mask usage exceeding 1.5 million tonnes and associated plastic waste of approximately 4.2 million tonnes. The study highlights that global COVID-19 responses substantially increased environmental microplastic burdens from single-use face mask disposal.

2022 Chemosphere 69 citations
Article Tier 2

From Protection to Pollution: The Impact of Mask Use on Micro(nano)plastic Release

This bibliographic review found that global mask consumption during COVID-19 reached as high as 2.5 trillion single-use masks per month, with Asia as the largest consumer, and documented how improper mask disposal releases microplastics and nanoplastics into terrestrial and aquatic environments.

2025 Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
Article Tier 2

Social Dynamics of Face Masks as Single-Use Waste from the COVID-19 Pandemic

A Latin American survey found that 35% of respondents mixed face mask waste with household trash, and 61.5% were unaware of any COVID-19 waste management plan. The study highlights how lack of public knowledge about proper mask disposal led to inadequate waste management with potential environmental and public health consequences.

2023 Enfoque UTE
Article Tier 2

Potential Impact of Disposable Mask Garbage Pollution in Cinere District

This Indonesian study estimated that residents of Cinere District used about 2 disposable masks per day per person, generating an estimated 76,494 mask waste items per day. Extrapolation suggested this could release approximately 67 billion microplastic particles per day into the environment if improperly disposed.

2023 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA
Article Tier 2

Determinants of Face Mask Waste Management as a Health Behavior to Protect the Environment

A survey of Indonesian parents found that most people have sufficient knowledge and a supportive attitude toward proper face mask disposal, yet lack access to dedicated disposal infrastructure such as mask waste bins or waste banks. Since disposable masks are made primarily of polypropylene, improper disposal contributes to microplastic formation in the environment. The study identifies access and structural barriers — not just awareness — as the key obstacles to preventing mask-derived microplastic pollution.

2023 International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies
Article Tier 2

Disposal Behavior of Used Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Moroccan Community: Potential Environmental Impact

Researchers surveyed face mask disposal behavior in two major Moroccan regions during the COVID-19 pandemic and estimated the volume of mask waste generated. They found that over five million masks per day, equivalent to roughly 40,000 kg, were being discarded in the studied regions alone. The study highlights the significant environmental risk posed by pandemic-related plastic waste, which can break down into microplastics in both land and marine environments.

2021 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Disseminating the Biomedical Waste Generation Scenario During Covid-19: an Overview from the Lower Middle Income Country Bangladesh

This study quantified biomedical waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, estimating that about 158 million face masks were disposed of in urban areas alone during the study period, generating 517 tons of solid waste. Pandemic-related medical waste adds a significant burden of plastic pollution, including microplastic-shedding personal protective equipment.

2021 American International Journal of Nursing Education and Practice
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste and Difficulties in Management in Vietnam

This paper is not about microplastics — it provides an overview of plastic waste generation, management challenges, and the limited recycling rate in Vietnam, where about 90% of plastic waste is burned, buried, or released to the environment.

2024 Engineering and Technology Journal 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Global daily mask use estimation in the pandemic and its post environmental health risks: Analysis based on a validated dynamic mathematical model

Researchers developed a mathematical model to estimate daily disposable mask usage across 214 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and projected how discarded masks contribute to microplastic pollution. The model estimated billions of masks were used daily at peak periods, releasing massive quantities of microplastic fibers as they degrade. The study provides a tool for policymakers to assess the long-term environmental health risks of pandemic-related plastic waste.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Face Mask Use among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Researchers surveyed 255 university students on face mask handling and disposal during COVID-19, finding that mask type choices were influenced by gender and age, while disposal practices and hand hygiene habits varied significantly by educational level.

2023 Sustainability 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Review of the valorization options for the proper disposal of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

Researchers reviewed waste management options for the surge in discarded polypropylene face masks during COVID-19, finding that improper disposal contributes directly to microplastic pollution, and proposing valorization strategies — including energy recovery and material upcycling — tailored to country-level infrastructure and emergency conditions.

2021 Environmental Technology & Innovation 68 citations
Article Tier 2

Potential For Recycling Single-Use Plastic Waste - Case Study in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Researchers investigated the composition and recyclability potential of single-use plastic waste from domestic sources in Can Tho City, Vietnam, sampling from markets, residential areas, bus stations, and schools. Findings showed plastic components ranged from 6.82% in suburban Cai Rang to 14.89% in urban Ninh Kieu district, with highly diverse disposable plastic items including bags, foam boxes, straws, and bottles.

2023 International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Face masks as environmental risk: An observational study using street - Survey in Hisar District of Haryana State

Researchers conducted an observational field survey of littered face masks in 10 localities across Hisar District, Haryana, India, quantifying the density of discarded personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. They found an overall density of 0.81 masks per 100 square meters, with 52% being single-use surgical masks containing plastic, highlighting improper disposal as a growing source of plastic pollution in developing countries.

2022 Ecology Environment and Conservation 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The Massive Misuse of Face Mask as a Risk to COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin American: The Case of Mexico

Researchers examined face mask waste mismanagement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico and Latin America, finding that inadequate waste management infrastructure, poor public compliance, and high single-use mask consumption created significant environmental contamination risks in already strained waste systems.

2021 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Masks and the scourge of microplastic pollution

This commentary discusses how the widespread use of disposable face masks during COVID-19 has become a significant source of microplastic pollution, particularly from masks improperly discarded outside of hospital settings. The authors call attention to the environmental burden of mask litter as a growing global concern.

2023 International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Predictions of hazardous plastic waste amounts based on disposable face mask wearing habits

Researchers surveyed Lithuanian public attitudes toward face mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic and used the data to predict the amounts of hazardous plastic waste generated from disposable mask usage, finding a troubling proportion of the population resisted mandates despite infection control rationale.

2024 Journal of Water and Land Development
Article Tier 2

Environmental Rehabilitation in Waste Management Disposable House-hold Medical Mask

Not relevant to microplastics — this paper discusses legal and procedural frameworks for managing disposable medical mask waste in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2023 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Cubrebocas, residuos en sitios turísticos de Nayarit, México.

Researchers collected discarded face mask waste at five tourist sites in Nayarit, Mexico over five months, finding higher quantities in urban areas and more adult-sized masks than child-sized ones. The study raises concern about face masks as a source of environmental plastic pollution, since the materials used in masks can degrade into microplastics.

2023 Revista Bio Ciencias
Article Tier 2

Release of microplastics from disposable face mask in tropical climate

Researchers found that disposable face masks — a major source of pandemic waste — release hundreds of microplastic particles per mask into water, with release rates increasing significantly at higher temperatures and with longer aging, raising concerns about their contribution to environmental plastic pollution.

2023 Regional Studies in Marine Science 11 citations