Papers

61,005 results
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Review Tier 2

Polyhydroxybutyrate: a review of experimental and simulation studies of the effect of fillers on crystallinity and mechanical properties

This review covers experimental and simulation studies on how various fillers affect the crystallinity and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer candidate for replacing petroleum-based food packaging plastics. The authors synthesize findings on filler types, loading levels, and processing conditions that optimize the balance between biodegradability and structural performance.

2022 Polymer International 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of microbial biomass content on biodegradation and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites

This paper is not about microplastics — it studies how adding microbial biomass (algae and cyanobacteria) to a biodegradable polyester (PHB) accelerates its degradation rate in soil.

2023 Biodegradation 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Isolation, Production, Extraction, Optimization and Fortification of PHB using Silver Nanoparticles from Lactobacillus Casei

Researchers isolated soil bacteria capable of producing the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as a biodegradable plastic substitute, optimizing PHB production from Lactobacillus casei and exploring fortification with silver nanoparticles to enhance material properties.

2025
Article Tier 2

Production and optimization of bioplastic (Polyhydroxybutyrate) from Bacillus cereus strain SH-02 using response surface methodology

Researchers optimized conditions for a bacterium called Bacillus cereus to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) — a biodegradable plastic made naturally by bacteria — achieving high yields using a statistical optimization method called response surface methodology. PHB is a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics because it breaks down in the environment, potentially reducing long-term microplastic accumulation.

2022 BMC Microbiology 58 citations
Article Tier 2

Structural and Functional Characteristics of Microplastic Associated Biofilms in Response to Temporal Dynamics and Polymer Types

Researchers found that biofilm structural and functional characteristics on microplastics differ significantly depending on polymer type (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) and change over time, with implications for understanding microbial colonization and the plastisphere.

2021 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Integrated effects of polymer type, size and shape on the sinking dynamics of biofouled microplastics

Researchers investigated how polymer type, size, and shape interact with biofouling to influence microplastic sinking dynamics, finding that biofilm growth altered buoyancy and settling rates in ways that depend on the physical characteristics of each particle.

2022 Water Research 82 citations
Article Tier 2

Bio-Polyester/Rubber Compounds: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biodegradation

This paper is not about microplastics; it investigates biodegradable bioplastic blends made from polyhydroxybutyrate and natural rubber as potential alternatives to fossil-based plastics.

2023 Polymers 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial Production of Biopolymer Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB): Current Challenges and its Application

This review examines the microbial production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polyester produced by microorganisms as an energy and carbon storage compound, covering current production challenges and industrial applications. The study discusses PHB as a biopolymer alternative to petroleum-based plastics, addressing cost, yield, and scalability barriers limiting its commercial adoption.

2023 Asian Journal of Chemistry 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Sinking rates of microplastics and potential implications of their alteration by physical, biological, and chemical factors

Researchers conducted sinking experiments with diverse microplastic particles and found that sinking velocity depends not only on density and size but also on particle shape, and that biofouling and weathering can substantially alter sinking rates with implications for how microplastics distribute through the water column.

2016 Marine Pollution Bulletin 595 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of FFF Process Conditions on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxy Hexanoate)

Fused filament fabrication of the biodegradable polymer PHBH was characterized, finding that crystallization occurs isothermally after bed deposition rather than during cooling, and that higher nozzle and bed temperatures improved mechanical properties by reducing void formation and improving interlayer adhesion.

2023 Polymers 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Copolymers and Blends Based on 3-Hydroxybutyrate and 3-Hydroxyvalerate Units

This paper is not about microplastics. It reviews the biodegradable biopolymer PHBV (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)), covering its production, properties, degradation behavior, and applications in various sectors. While PHBV is studied as a potential biodegradable alternative to conventional plastics, this paper focuses on polymer science and materials engineering rather than microplastic pollution.

2023 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics and Sinking Behavior of Typical Microplastics Including the Potential Effect of Biofouling: Implications for Remediation

Researchers characterized how microplastics of different shapes sink through water, finding that shape is a critical factor, with films behaving very differently from spheres and fibers. The study also examines how biofouling on floating plastics can cause them to sink, with implications for designing filtration and remediation systems.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 257 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization of PHB/Clay Biocomposites Exposed to Degradation in an Aquatic Environment

This study examined how bioplastic composites made from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and clay degrade in water. Adding clay altered the degradation rate, and the type of clay (natural vs. organically modified) had different effects — important for designing biodegradable plastics that break down predictably in aquatic environments.

2023 Materials Research 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis, resulting polymer structures, and plasticization

This review examines polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a class of biodegradable biopolymers synthesized by microorganisms, discussing strategies including plasticizers and monomer inclusion to overcome the brittleness and processing challenges of the most common PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate).

2024
Article Tier 2

Photodegradationof Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)and Its Effects on Marine Biodegradability

Researchers examined the photodegradation dynamics of the biodegradable polymer PHBH under simulated UV conditions and assessed the effects on its marine biodegradability. UV weathering altered PHBH's surface properties and modified its degradation rate in marine environments, raising questions about the environmental safety claims for this material.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Silicon-infused bacterial cellulose: in situ bioprocessing for tailored strength and surface characteristics

Not relevant to microplastics — this is a materials science study on producing silicon-modified bacterial cellulose for applications requiring tailored surface characteristics and tensile strength.

2024 Cellulose 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards more realistic reference microplastics and nanoplastics: preparation of polyethylene micro/nanoparticles with a biosurfactant

Polyethylene micro/nanoparticles stabilized with a biosurfactant were prepared as more realistic reference materials for ecotoxicity testing, better representing the surface properties and behavior of environmental microplastics compared to commercial standard materials. The study addresses a key methodological limitation in nanoplastic research by providing particles with environmentally relevant surface chemistry.

2018 Environmental Science Nano 88 citations
Article Tier 2

Advances in the Modeling of Synthesis, Design and Properties of Polymers

This computational chemistry dissertation used atomistic simulations to study the synthesis and properties of emerging polymer materials. Computational approaches to polymer design could accelerate development of biodegradable plastics that break down quickly rather than persisting as microplastics.

2023 Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Article Tier 2

A Biodegradable Composite of Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with Short Cellulose Fiber for Packaging

Researchers developed biodegradable composite materials by incorporating short cellulose fibers into PHBV biopolymer, addressing the polymer's narrow processing window and improving its suitability for sustainable packaging applications.

2023 Materials Research 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicity testing of microplastics: Considering the heterogeneity of physicochemical properties

Researchers reviewed how the diverse physical and chemical properties of microplastics, including particle size, shape, crystallinity, surface chemistry, and polymer composition, may influence their ecotoxicity. They argue that standard testing with uniform microbeads fails to capture the heterogeneity of environmental microplastics and may lead to inaccurate risk assessments. The study calls for a more structured approach to testing different microplastic properties to identify the key drivers of toxicity.

2017 Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 293 citations
Article Tier 2

A Review of PHB Production by Cyanobacteria and Its Applications

This review examines cyanobacteria as photoautotrophic producers of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bioplastic, summarizing how nutrient-stress conditions stimulate PHB accumulation and evaluating the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of using cyanobacteria as an alternative to conventional feedstocks for biodegradable plastic production.

2022 Journal Of Biochemical Technology 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of Shape on Heteroaggregation of Model Microplastics: A Simulation Study

This simulation study examined how the shape of microplastic particles (spheres vs. fibers vs. fragments) affects how they clump together (heteroaggregate) with natural organic matter in water. Particle shape influences how far microplastics travel, where they settle, and how available they are to aquatic organisms.

2023 arXiv (Cornell University) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Properties of PLA-co-PBSu Copolymers Rapidly Synthesized by Reactive Processing

Not relevant to microplastics research; this paper describes the laboratory synthesis and material properties of biodegradable PLA-PBSu copolymers intended for industrial applications, with no investigation of microplastic pollution or environmental fate.

2023 Journal of Polymers and the Environment 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Hierarchical Plant Protein Microcapsules for Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Cargo Molecules

Not relevant to microplastics — this paper describes biodegradable plant protein microcapsules for food and pharmaceutical delivery, which meet ISO biodegradability standards for freshwater but are not themselves a microplastic source or subject.

2024 arXiv (Cornell University) 2 citations