Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Towards more ecologically relevant investigations of the impacts of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems

This review argues that microplastic research in freshwater ecosystems lacks ecological realism, calling for studies that account for realistic exposure concentrations, particle mixtures, and multi-species interactions rather than single-species laboratory tests.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Multi-Interacting Natural and Anthropogenic Stressors on Freshwater Ecosystems: Their Current Status and Future Prospects for 21st Century

This review examines how multiple environmental stressors including pollution, climate change, invasive species, and nanoparticles are simultaneously degrading freshwater ecosystems worldwide. The combined effects of these stressors, including microplastic contamination, threaten both the ecological health of freshwater systems and the clean water supplies that human civilization depends on.

2024 Water 56 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics effects in a multiple stressed marine environment

Researchers examined how micro- and nanoplastics interact with other environmental stressors in marine settings, finding that realistic multi-stressor scenarios can amplify or modify plastic toxicity in ways single-exposure studies miss.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 21 citations
Article Tier 2

From plankton to fish: The multifaceted threat of microplastics in freshwater environments

This review summarizes how microplastics harm freshwater organisms from tiny plankton to fish through oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, gut microbiome disruption, and metabolic disorders. Microplastics often combine with other pollutants in water, making their toxic effects even worse. Since freshwater systems are a major pathway for microplastics entering oceans and our food supply, understanding these effects is critical for protecting both ecosystems and human health.

2025 Aquatic Toxicology 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Multi stress system: Microplastics in freshwater and their effects on host microbiota

This study examined how combined exposure to microplastics and organic chemical pollutants affects freshwater organisms through a multi-stress approach, focusing on gut microbiome changes as an indicator. Microplastic exposure in combination with other pollutants altered microbiome composition more than either stressor alone, with potential consequences for host fitness and disease resistance.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Responses of freshwater organisms to multiple stressors in a climate change scenario: a review on small-scale experiments

This review summarizes 156 publications on how freshwater organisms respond to combinations of temperature and salinity changes along with other stressors including metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants like microplastics in controlled small-scale experiments. It finds that combined stressor effects are often non-additive and species-specific, with significant knowledge gaps remaining for microplastic interactions under climate change scenarios.

2025 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental risks of microplastics: A Review of their distribution and effects on aquatic ecosystems

This review examined how microplastics threaten aquatic ecosystems through direct physical and chemical stress on organisms and through synergistic interactions with co-contaminants that disrupt food webs. The authors identify key research gaps including realistic multi-stressor experiments and long-term ecosystem-level studies.

2025 Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh
Article Tier 2

Stressor Exposures Determine Risk: So, Why Do Fellow Scientists Continue To Focus on Superficial Microplastics Risk?

This commentary challenges the field's focus on microplastic concentrations in isolation, arguing that stressor exposures determine risk and urging researchers to consider realistic environmental conditions, bioavailability, and co-occurring stressors when assessing ecological harm.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 107 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and nanoplastics toxicity assays: A revision towards to environmental-relevance in water environment

This review evaluates how well current laboratory toxicity tests for micro and nanoplastics reflect real-world conditions in water environments. The authors found that most studies use pristine plastic particles at concentrations far higher than what is found in nature, limiting the relevance of their findings. The paper calls for more environmentally realistic testing approaches to better understand the actual risks of plastic particle pollution.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 51 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards harmonized ecotoxicological effect assessment of micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic systems

This review highlights the methodological problems in current microplastic and nanoplastic toxicity research on freshwater organisms, including the use of unrealistic plastic types, poor test designs, and environmentally irrelevant doses. The authors propose a harmonized framework for testing that better reflects real-world conditions, including more realistic particle types and exposure levels. Better standardized research is essential for accurately assessing the true environmental and health risks of micro and nanoplastic pollution.

2024 Environmental Pollution 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Interactive Threats: Multi-stress Systems in Aquatic Environments

Researchers examined how aquatic organisms face multiple simultaneous stressors — including plastic pollution, climate change, altered pH, and habitat loss — finding that the combined interactive effects of these threats are poorly understood yet critical to developing effective conservation and management strategies.

2023 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Freshwater wild biota exposure to microplastics: A global perspective

This global review synthesized field evidence on microplastic exposure in freshwater organisms across many taxa and regions, finding that exposure in nature is widespread but that concentrations used in most laboratory toxicity studies are orders of magnitude higher than field measurements.

2021 Ecology and Evolution 40 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Freshwater Ecosystems: Sources, Transport and Ecotoxicological Impacts on Aquatic Life and Human Health

This review summarizes how microplastics enter freshwater ecosystems from sources like industrial runoff, urban waste, and agriculture, and how they accumulate in sediments where aquatic organisms ingest them. Researchers found that microplastics reduce feeding efficiency, inhibit growth, and harm reproduction in freshwater species, while also acting as carriers for toxic chemicals that build up through the food chain. The study highlights the need for better waste management and further research to understand the full scope of risks to both aquatic life and human health.

2025 Environment and Ecology 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Long-term exposure of a free-living freshwater micro- and meiobenthos community to microplastic mixtures in microcosms

Researchers exposed a natural freshwater micro- and meiobenthos community to microplastic mixtures in long-term microcosm experiments, finding community-level effects that differ from single-species studies and highlighting the importance of realistic multi-polymer exposure scenarios.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 20 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics as contaminants in freshwater environments: A multidisciplinary review

This multidisciplinary review covers microplastic sources, abundance, composition, transport, and biological effects in freshwater systems globally, arguing that freshwater environments are both major conduits and sinks for microplastic pollution.

2020 Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 85 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems : effects and drivers

This thesis assessed how microplastic exposure affects freshwater microorganisms, macroinvertebrates, and other organisms in freshwater ecosystems, finding that microplastics are a pervasive contaminant of freshwater environments with unclear but potentially significant ecological impacts.

2024 Acta universitatis agriculturae Sueciae
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the environment: A critical overview on its fate, toxicity, implications, management, and bioremediation strategies

This review provides a broad overview of microplastic pollution, covering how these particles enter freshwater systems, accumulate in organisms, and carry toxic chemicals through the food chain. With approximately 360 million tons of plastic produced globally each year and only 7% recycled, microplastics have become a pervasive threat to water quality and, by extension, human health.

2023 Journal of Environmental Management 252 citations
Article Tier 2

Behavior and Bio-Interactions of Anthropogenic Particles in Marine Environment for a More Realistic Ecological Risk Assessment

This review examines how anthropogenic nanoparticles — including plastic fragments and engineered nanomaterials — behave in marine environments and interact with biology, arguing for more realistic multi-stressor exposure conditions in ecological risk assessment.

2020 Frontiers in Environmental Science 100 citations
Article Tier 2

Interconnected impacts of water resource management and climate change on microplastic pollution and riverine biocoenosis: A review by freshwater ecologists

Researchers reviewed how river hydrology, water resource management, and climate change interact to influence microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. They found that floods can flush microplastics from catchments, while reservoirs act as both sinks and sources, and extreme weather events driven by climate change tend to concentrate microplastics and threaten aquatic organisms. The study highlights a critical gap in research that jointly addresses these interconnected factors and calls for integrated policy approaches.

2024 Journal of Environmental Management 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Present and Future Challenges

This review synthesizes evidence on microplastics as a widespread and growing contaminant found across marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments. Organisms at every level of the food chain ingest microplastics, which cause physical harm, oxidative stress, and reproductive disruption, while also acting as carriers for toxic chemicals and pathogens. For humans, exposure via contaminated food, water, and air is well-documented — microplastics have been found in blood and tissues — though direct causal health links are still being established, making further research a priority.

2023 Water 6 citations
Article Tier 2

From Origins to Impacts: A Comprehensive Review of Microplastics in Freshwater Environments

This comprehensive review covers microplastics in freshwater ecosystems from sources and transport to biological uptake and food web effects, synthesizing current evidence on ecological risks and identifying research priorities.

2024 International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
Article Tier 2

The organism fate of inland freshwater system under micro-/nano-plastic pollution: A review of past decade.

This review synthesized a decade of research on how micro- and nano-plastics affect freshwater organisms including microalgae, macrophytes, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish, finding that impacts range from impaired photosynthesis and oxidative stress to reproductive disruption and behavioral changes across multiple biological levels.

2023 Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicity of microplastics to freshwater biota: Considering exposure and hazard across trophic levels

This review examines the toxic effects of microplastics on freshwater organisms across multiple levels of the food web, from biofilms and plankton to fish and amphibians. Researchers found evidence of harm in several species, though effects varied widely depending on particle size, type, and concentration. The study highlights that freshwater microplastic toxicity is still poorly understood compared to marine environments and calls for more standardized research.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 150 citations
Article Tier 2

Comprehending the complexity of microplastic organismal exposures and effects, to improve testing frameworks

This review argues that standard toxicity testing frameworks are poorly suited to capture the complexity of microplastic exposures in real environments, proposing improved testing approaches that account for particle mixtures, realistic concentrations, and species-specific feeding behaviors.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 19 citations