Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Effect of particle size on the transport of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles through quartz sand under unsaturated conditions

This study tested how different sizes of polystyrene micro and nanoplastics move through sand under conditions similar to soil with some moisture. Smaller particles (120 nanometers) passed through easily with 95% recovery, while larger particles (10,000 nanometers) were completely trapped. The findings suggest that the tiniest nanoplastics can readily travel through soil to reach groundwater, creating a potential pathway for plastic contamination of drinking water sources.

2024 Environmental Pollution 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport of polystyrene nanoplastics in natural soils: Effect of soil properties, ionic strength and cation type

Researchers used column experiments across three soil types to show that polystyrene nanoplastic transport is governed by soil iron and aluminum oxide content and pH — with high-pH, low-oxide soils allowing up to 97% nanoplastic passage — and that calcium ions and higher ionic strength significantly increase retention, revealing that soil chemistry strongly controls nanoplastic mobility toward groundwater.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 290 citations
Article Tier 2

Behaviour and transport of microplastics under saturated flow conditions in sediments and soils

Researchers investigated the behaviour and transport of microplastics under saturated flow conditions in sediments and soils, examining how particle properties influence movement through porous media. The study aimed to improve understanding of subsurface microplastic fate and transport relevant to both soil and groundwater contamination.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Effects of physicochemical factors on transport and retention of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in homogeneous and heterogeneous saturated porous media

Researchers studied how polystyrene microplastics move through different types of underground soil and sand formations. They found that smaller sand grains, higher salt concentrations, and the presence of calcium ions all increased microplastic retention, while mixed soil layers created preferential flow paths that allowed some particles to break through faster. The findings help explain how microplastics could potentially contaminate groundwater aquifers.

2025 Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of two-site kinetic transport parameters of polystyrene nanoplastics in porous media

This laboratory study tracked how polystyrene nanoplastics move through different soil types by measuring their transport through columns packed with quartz sand and clay minerals. Higher pH conditions reduced the ability of clay minerals to trap nanoplastics, meaning they traveled farther and faster through soil toward groundwater. Understanding these transport dynamics is key to predicting how nanoplastic contamination spreads through soils and ultimately reaches drinking water sources.

2023 Chemosphere 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigating transport kinetics of polystyrene nanoplastics in saturated porous media

Researchers investigated how ionic strength, pH, and organic matter influence the transport of polystyrene nanoplastics through saturated porous media using column experiments and DLVO modeling, finding that increasing sodium ion concentrations promote nanoplastic aggregation and reduce mobility in soil and groundwater systems.

2022 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport behavior of microplastics in soil‒water environments and its dependence on soil components

Researchers studied how polystyrene microplastics move through columns packed with different soil components and found that soil organic matter allowed the highest transport efficiency, with over 90 percent of particles passing through. Electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged microplastics and soil particles was a key factor driving migration. The results suggest that soil composition plays a major role in determining how far microplastics can travel underground toward water sources.

2024 Environmental Pollution 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Exploring the vertical transport of microplastics in subsurface environments: Lab-scale experiments and field evidence

Researchers investigated how microplastics move downward through soil using laboratory column experiments and field sampling of groundwater. They found that heavier rainfall, smaller particle size, and fiber-shaped microplastics all increased vertical transport through unsaturated soil. Field samples confirmed the presence of microplastics in both soil layers and groundwater, suggesting that surface plastic pollution can migrate into underground water supplies.

2023 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of clay minerals on the transport of polystyrene nanoplastic in groundwater

Researchers investigated how clay minerals affect nanoplastic transport in groundwater, finding that montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite each uniquely influenced polystyrene nanoparticle mobility, with montmorillonite showing the strongest retention capacity due to its high surface charge.

2022 Water Research 82 citations
Article Tier 2

Vertical migration of microplastics in porous media: Multiple controlling factors under wet-dry cycling

Researchers studied how microplastics move vertically through sandy soil during cycles of wetting and drying, testing four common plastic types at various particle sizes. They found that smaller, more hydrophobic particles migrated deeper, and that frequent wet-dry cycles and the presence of dissolved organic matter accelerated downward movement. The findings suggest that microplastics in agricultural soils could potentially reach groundwater, posing risks to underground water quality.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 161 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics retention in porous media exhibits different dependence on grain surface roughness and clay coating with particle size

Researchers found that grain surface roughness and clay coatings affect the retention of microplastics and nanoplastics in porous media differently depending on particle size, with nanoplastics behaving oppositely to microplastics in certain soil conditions — complicating predictions of plastic transport in groundwater systems.

2022 Water Research 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Behaviour and transport of microplastics under saturated flow conditions in sediments and soils

Researchers investigated the behavior and transport of microplastics under saturated flow conditions in sediments and soils, examining how physical and chemical properties of microplastic particles influence their mobility through porous geological media. The study addressed knowledge gaps in understanding subsurface microplastic transport relevant to groundwater contamination and the fate of microplastics deposited in terrestrial environments.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Experimental and mathematical investigation of cotransport of clay and microplastics in saturated porous media

This study investigated how microplastics travel through underground soil and sand, finding that clay particles in the soil can actually help microplastics move farther by changing how they interact with soil surfaces. The research developed a mathematical model to predict this movement. Understanding how microplastics travel through soil is important because it affects whether they reach and contaminate groundwater used for drinking.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics/nanoplastics in porous media: Key factors controlling their transport and retention behaviors

This review examines what controls how microplastics and nanoplastics move through soil and other porous materials like sand and sediment. Factors like particle size, shape, surface charge, water flow speed, and the presence of other pollutants all influence whether plastics stay in place or travel deeper into groundwater. Understanding these transport behaviors is important for assessing the risk of microplastics contaminating underground drinking water sources.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Preliminary investigation on effects of size, polymer type, and surface behaviour on the vertical mobility of microplastics in a porous media

Laboratory sand column experiments investigated how microplastic size, polymer type, and surface chemistry influence retention and transport behavior in subsurface environments. Results showed that smaller particles and those with surface modifications traveled farther, informing predictions of microplastic migration in soils and groundwater.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 69 citations
Article Tier 2

Current understanding of subsurface transport of micro‐ and nanoplastics in soil

This review summarizes current knowledge about how micro- and nanoplastics are transported through soil subsurface environments. Researchers discuss the fundamental mechanisms governing plastic particle movement in soils, including size-dependent filtration, preferential flow through macropores, and interactions with soil colloids. The study highlights significant gaps in understanding how plastics migrate through different soil types and may eventually reach groundwater.

2021 Vadose Zone Journal 92 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport of Nano- and Microplastic through Unsaturated Porous Media from Sewage Sludge Application

Laboratory experiments demonstrated that nano- and microplastics from sewage sludge application can be transported through unsaturated soil into groundwater, with smaller particles migrating more readily than larger ones. This pathway represents a poorly understood route by which agricultural use of biosolids could spread plastic contamination into water supplies.

2019 Environmental Science & Technology 197 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence mechanism of attapulgite on the migration of carboxylated polystyrene nanoplastics and the role of environmental factors

Researchers found that attapulgite clay mineral significantly influenced the migration of carboxylated polystyrene nanoplastics in saturated porous media, with humic acid and oxalic acid playing differential roles in either facilitating or retarding nanoplastic transport through soil-groundwater systems.

2025 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
Article Tier 2

Effects of clay minerals on the transport of nanoplastics through water-saturated porous media

Column experiments with clay-containing saturated porous media showed that clay minerals reduced nanoplastic transport by enhancing particle retention through bridging flocculation and charge neutralization, with kaolinite having greater retention effects than montmorillonite, informing predictions of nanoplastic mobility in clay-rich soils.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 68 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport of Microplastics Through Porous Media: Influence of Porosity and Pore-Water Velocity

Researchers investigated microplastic transport through porous media under varying porosity and pore-water velocity conditions relevant to groundwater systems. Higher pore-water velocities increased microplastic transport distance, while lower porosity soils retained more particles near the surface, providing experimental data to improve models predicting microplastic migration toward drinking water aquifers.

2025
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene Nanoplastics-Enhanced Contaminant Transport: Role of Irreversible Adsorption in Glassy Polymeric Domain

Polystyrene nanoplastics were shown to enhance the transport of co-occurring contaminants through soil by irreversibly adsorbing them onto the glassy polymer domain, facilitating their spread in the environment. The findings indicate that nanoplastics in soil can act as mobile carriers for contaminants that would otherwise remain bound to soil particles, potentially increasing leaching into groundwater.

2018 Environmental Science & Technology 262 citations
Article Tier 2

Co-transport of polystyrene nanoplastics and soil colloids in saturated porous media: influence of pH and ionic strength

Researchers examined the co-transport of polystyrene nanoplastics and soil colloids in saturated porous media, finding that solution pH and ionic strength significantly influenced their combined transport behavior through mechanisms explained by DLVO theory and adsorption tests.

2025 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Article Tier 2

Tracking the transport of europium-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics in natural soils: Insights from leaching tests under varied environmental condition

Researchers tracked the vertical transport of europium-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics through three natural soil types (high-calcium, red, and black soil) using leaching column experiments under simulated rainfall, with ICP-MS quantification revealing greatest nanoplastic mobility in high-calcium soil.

2025 Environmental Technology & Innovation
Article Tier 2

Effects of pore water flow rate on microplastics transport in saturated porous media: Spatial distribution analysis

Researchers studied how water flow rate affects the transport and retention of polystyrene microplastics in saturated porous media using a two-dimensional flow cell. They found that higher flow rates reduced overall particle retention but created more clustered distribution patterns in the pore spaces. The study provides important insights into how microplastics migrate through soil and groundwater systems, which has implications for understanding subsurface contamination.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 8 citations