Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Advancing plastic release modeling: updating emission flows and extending the system boundary from Switzerland to Europe

Researchers updated a Swiss plastic release model and extended its geographic scope to the European scale by integrating improved emission pathway data from recent studies and incorporating previously excluded plastic release sources. The revised model offers higher-resolution estimates of plastic flows across European countries, enabling better-informed policy decisions on reducing plastic emissions to the environment.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Using Dynamic Release Modeling to Predict Historic and Current Macro- and Microplastic Releases

Researchers developed a Dynamic Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis model coupled with a release model to quantify historic and current macro- and microplastic emissions in Switzerland, providing a dataset tracking plastic releases across product lifecycles.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Using Dynamic Release Modeling to Predict Historic and Current Macro- and Microplastic Releases

Researchers developed a Dynamic Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis model coupled with a release model to quantify historic and current macro- and microplastic emissions in Switzerland, providing a companion dataset to a publication in Resources, Conservation and Recycling.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Reconciling plastic release: Comprehensive modeling of macro- and microplastic flows to the environment

How much plastic actually escapes into the environment each year? This comprehensive Swiss study built a detailed model tracking 245 different plastic release pathways across seven polymer types, estimating that about 222 grams of plastic per person per year enters the environment — with PET and polypropylene the largest contributors. Crucially, macroplastics (larger pieces) made up 82% of that total, and overall estimates were substantially lower than previous studies, suggesting that in well-managed countries with good waste infrastructure, plastic emissions may be lower than widely assumed — though still significant.

2025 Environmental Pollution 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Using dynamic release modeling to predict historic and current macro- and microplastic releases

Using a dynamic material flow model, researchers tracked how macro- and microplastics have been released to the Swiss environment from 1950 to 2022 across 35 product categories and 183 release pathways. The model found that per-capita plastic use peaked around 2010 and has since declined slightly, but over the full period roughly 27 kg of macroplastics and 4 kg of microplastics per person were released to the environment — providing a quantitative baseline for designing more targeted reduction policies.

2024 Resources Conservation and Recycling 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic packaging flows in Europe: A hybrid input‐output approach

Researchers modeled plastic packaging material flows across the EU using a hybrid input-output approach, mapping supply chains by polymer type, packaging form, and application category to reveal that packaging represents a major fraction of plastic consumption with significant gaps in end-of-life recycling infrastructure.

2021 Journal of Industrial Ecology 49 citations
Article Tier 2

A proxy-based approach to predict spatially resolved emissions of macro- and microplastic to the environment

Using land-use statistics, traffic data, and wastewater infrastructure as proxies, researchers created high-resolution maps of microplastic and macroplastic emissions across Switzerland at the regional level. The approach reveals that plastic pollution is concentrated near urban and high-traffic areas but varies substantially by polymer type and emission source.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 48 citations
Article Tier 2

Probabilistic material flow analysis and emissions modeling for five commodity plastics (PUR, ABS, PA, PC, and PMMA) as macroplastics and microplastics✰

Researchers developed probabilistic material flow models for five engineering plastics (PUR, ABS, PA, PC, PMMA) tracking their flows from production through use to environmental release, providing quantitative estimates of microplastic emissions to air, water, and soil across Europe.

2021 Resources Conservation and Recycling 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Regionalized Characterization Factors for Microplastic Emissions in Life Cycle Assessment Considering Multimedia Fate Modelling

Researchers developed location-specific impact factors for microplastic emissions to be used in life cycle assessments, accounting for how plastics move between air, water, soil, and sediment. Their model covers nine world regions and shows that the environmental impact of microplastic emissions varies significantly depending on where they are released. The study helps fill a gap in current environmental impact tools, which tend to overlook plastic pollution when comparing products.

2025 2 citations
Article Tier 2

The “plastic cycle”: a watershed‐scale model of plastic pools and fluxes

This paper presented a watershed-scale conceptual model of plastic sources, fluxes, and fates — including landfill containment, environmental persistence, atmospheric interactions, and ocean export — arguing that terrestrial and freshwater plastic stocks are severely underappreciated in global accounting.

2021 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 102 citations
Article Tier 2

Polymer-Specific Modeling of the Environmental Emissions of Seven Commodity Plastics As Macro- and Microplastics

A polymer-specific material flow model estimated the environmental emissions of seven major commodity plastics as both macro- and microplastics into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, finding significant differences in emission pathways by plastic type. The model highlights that understanding polymer-specific behavior is essential for accurate pollution estimates and effective mitigation strategies.

2019 Environmental Science & Technology 252 citations
Article Tier 2

A mass budget and box model of global plastics cycling, fragmentation and dispersal in the land-ocean-atmosphere system

Researchers constructed a global mass budget and box model tracking plastic polymer flows from production through fragmentation into microplastics across land, ocean, and atmosphere. The model suggests ocean microplastic stocks are much larger than surface measurements indicate, and that atmospheric transport plays a significant role in redistribution of marine-derived microplastics.

2025
Article Tier 2

Regionalized characterization factors for microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

This study developed regionalized characterization factors for microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment (LCA), using multimedia fate modeling to account for how plastics distribute across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial compartments. The new factors improve the accuracy of plastic product environmental impact assessments, which had previously underestimated ecosystem quality impacts.

2025 Journal of Cleaner Production
Article Tier 2

Plastic dispersion and accumulation in the environment using a mass flow analysis approach

Researchers developed a material flow analysis model to quantify global plastic emissions and project their environmental accumulation through 2050 under business-as-usual, reduction, and zero-production scenarios. Results show that rubber microplastics from car tyres account for over 60% of global microplastic releases, accumulating primarily along roadsides and in subsurface waters, while packaging plastics from lower-middle-income countries dominate macroplastic inputs.

2022 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Exploring the EU plastic value chain: A material flow analysis

Researchers conducted a material flow analysis of the EU27 plastic value chain, finding that only 19% of plastics were recycled in 2019, with total losses amounting to 4% of production and significant variation across sectors and polymer types.

2023 Resources Conservation and Recycling 36 citations
Article Tier 2

How accurate is plastic end-of-life modeling in LCA? Investigating the main assumptions and deviations for the end-of-life management of plastic packaging

Researchers reviewed 49 life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on plastic packaging disposal and found that most models oversimplify real-world recycling processes and ignore key factors like plastic additives and microplastic generation. These gaps mean current environmental impact estimates for plastic disposal may significantly understate the true ecological costs.

2023 Sustainable Production and Consumption 40 citations
Article Tier 2

Updated and comprehensive characterization factors for microplastics in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

Researchers updated life cycle assessment characterization factors for microplastics, developing comprehensive factors that account for ecosystem quality, human health, and socioeconomic impacts across multiple environmental compartments. The updated factors enable LCA practitioners to more accurately compare the plastic pollution impacts of different product systems and waste management strategies.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Updated and comprehensive characterization factors for microplastics in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

Researchers updated and expanded characterization factors for microplastics in life cycle assessment, allowing better quantification of plastic pollution impacts on ecosystem quality and human health. The new factors cover a broader range of particle types and environmental compartments than previous versions.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

A local-to-global emissions inventory of macroplastic pollution.

This study developed a high-resolution global inventory of macroplastic pollution by distributing nationally reported waste management data down to sub-national and local scales, producing maps of plastic emission hotspots. The dataset is intended to support negotiations for a global plastics treaty by providing a data-driven baseline for identifying sources and prioritizing interventions.

2024 Nature
Article Tier 2

New Management Strategy Framework for Effectively Managing Microplastic in Circular System from Plastic Product Manufacturing to Waste Treatment Facility

Researchers proposed a new management strategy framework for controlling microplastic release throughout the lifecycle of plastic products, from manufacturing through end-of-life in circular economy systems, incorporating soil, atmospheric, groundwater, and river-based pollution pathways. The framework provides actionable guidance for producers, regulators, and waste managers to systematically reduce microplastic entry into land and marine environments.

2024 Sustainability
Article Tier 2

Methodology to address potential impacts of plastic emissions in life cycle assessment

Researchers proposed a new method for including the environmental impact of plastic emissions in life cycle assessments, which currently tend to make plastic products appear less harmful than alternatives. The approach introduces characterization factors based on how long different plastics persist in the environment. The study suggests that accounting for plastic pollution in these assessments could significantly change how the environmental footprint of plastic products is evaluated.

2022 The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 86 citations
Article Tier 2

Modeling and Parametric Simulation of Microplastic Transport in Groundwater Environments

Researchers developed a parametric simulation model specifically for microplastic transport in groundwater environments, addressing the inadequacy of existing dissolved-contaminant models for studying particulate plastic pollution in subsurface systems.

2021 Applied Sciences 28 citations
Article Tier 2

The Plastic Pathfinder: A Macroplastic Transport and Fate Model for Terrestrial Environments

Researchers introduced the Plastic Pathfinder, a computer model that simulates how plastic waste moves across land through wind, rain, and river systems before reaching the ocean. The model helps identify key transport pathways and accumulation hotspots, which is critical information for targeting plastic pollution interventions.

2021 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying microplastic stocks and flows in the urban agglomeration based on the mass balance model and source-pathway-receptor framework: Revealing the role of pollution sources, weather patterns, and environmental management practices

Researchers developed a mass balance model using a source-pathway-receptor framework to quantify microplastic stocks and flows in an urban agglomeration, revealing how pollution sources, weather patterns, and environmental management practices collectively determine the transport of microplastics to receiving water bodies.

2022 Water Research 34 citations