Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Antiviral/antibacterial biodegradable cellulose nonwovens as environmentally friendly and bioprotective materials with potential to minimize microplastic pollution

Biodegradable cellulose nonwoven materials incorporating antiviral and antibacterial agents were developed as a sustainable alternative to polypropylene face masks, demonstrating comparable filtration performance with significantly faster environmental degradation, reducing the microplastic pollution burden of disposable PPE.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 76 citations
Article Tier 2

Needleless electrospun phytochemicals encapsulated nanofibre based 3-ply biodegradable mask for combating COVID-19 pandemic

Researchers developed a three-layer biodegradable face mask combining cotton outer layers with a polylactic acid nanofibrous filtration layer infused with plant-derived antimicrobials, achieving 97.9% bacterial filtration efficiency and demonstrating biodegradation in a microbial slurry — offering a potential eco-friendly alternative to single-use synthetic masks.

2021 Chemical Engineering Journal 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Tuneable and biodegradable poly(ester amide)s for disposable facemasks

Scientists developed biodegradable face mask filters made from novel bio-based poly(ester amide) polymers that fully degrade within 35 days. The filters matched the particle capture efficiency and breathability of commercial mask filters, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative to standard disposable masks that contribute to microplastic pollution.

2023 arXiv (Cornell University)
Article Tier 2

Functional Fiber Membranes with Antibacterial Properties for Face Masks

Researchers developed fiber-based membranes with built-in antibacterial properties for use in face masks, aiming to create filtration materials that can both block particles and actively kill pathogens to improve mask performance and safety.

2023 Advanced Fiber Materials 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of reusable cloth mask with nanoparticle filtration efficiency greater than 95%

Researchers developed a reusable cloth mask with nanoparticle filtration efficiency greater than 95%, motivated by the environmental concerns of single-use surgical and respirator masks that shed microplastic fibers, evaluating the novel mask material's filtration performance against respiratory droplets and particulates.

2022 Aerosol Science and Technology
Article Tier 2

Face masks and respirators: Towards sustainable materials and technologies to overcome the shortcomings and challenges

This review examines the limitations of current face masks and respirators, including low filtration efficiency and non-biodegradability, and explores sustainable materials and emerging technologies such as nanofibers and biodegradable polymers to address these shortcomings.

2022 Nano Select 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Antibacterial/Antiviral Face Masks: Processing, Characteristics, Challenges, and Sustainability

This review examines the development of antibacterial and antiviral face masks — including the materials, processing methods, and antimicrobial agents used — and discusses sustainability challenges associated with mask disposal. It is tangentially relevant to microplastics because single-use masks are now recognized as a significant emerging source of microplastic and nanoparticle pollution when they fragment in the environment, though this paper focuses primarily on mask performance and design rather than their pollution impact.

2023 MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Tunable and Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amide)s for Disposable Facemasks

Researchers synthesized seven novel poly(ester amide) (PEA) polymers from biosourced materials for use as biodegradable disposable facemask components, addressing microplastic pollution from conventional disposable masks. Two PEA grades achieved full biodegradation within 35 days and were compatible with electrospinning, producing ultra-thin filter fibers with microparticle capture efficiency and air permeability comparable to commercial filters.

2023 Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Recycling of disposable single-use face masks to mitigate microfiber pollution

Researchers mechanically recycled discarded disposable face masks into polypropylene-cotton blended fabrics, demonstrating an 83% reduction in microfiber release across the product lifecycle compared to masks, though complete elimination of fiber shedding was not achievable due to the inherent properties of textile materials.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Implementation of jute-based nose holder in surgical masks to reduce plastic contamination

Researchers developed a surgical mask with a jute-based nose holder as an alternative to conventional plastic nose holders, finding it comfortable for 82.6% of 900 surveyed users and projecting it could help reduce the approximately 773 tons of plastic waste generated daily from mask nose holders.

2023 Heliyon 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanocellulose-based membrane as a potential material for high performance biodegradable aerosol respirators for SARS-CoV-2 prevention: a review

Researchers reviewed nanocellulose-based membrane materials as biodegradable alternatives to synthetic face mask filters, finding that cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals offer promising filtration efficiency, biocompatibility, and environmental safety compared to single-use plastic-based respirators.

2022 Cellulose 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of a Layer Made of Natural Fibers to Improve the Ecological Performance of the Face Mask Type II

This study developed a natural nonwoven layer made from flax and cotton fibers to replace one of the three polypropylene layers in medical face masks. Replacing synthetic polymer layers in single-use masks reduces the amount of polypropylene microplastics released when discarded masks degrade in the environment.

2023 Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhanced Filtration Efficiency of Natural Materials with the Addition of Electrospun Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Fibres

Researchers developed enhanced air filtration materials by combining natural fibers with electrospun PVDF-HFP nanofibers, achieving improved particulate filtration efficiency while reducing reliance on single-use plastic masks that contribute to environmental pollution.

2023 Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Nano-copper ions assembled cellulose-based composite with antibacterial activity for biodegradable personal protective mask

Researchers developed an antibacterial face mask using cotton fabric modified with nano-copper ions via electrostatic adsorption, achieving 96% particle filtration efficiency, 100% antibacterial activity, and sustained antiviral performance after 50 wash cycles, offering a biodegradable alternative to single-use synthetic masks.

2023 Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Aerosol Filtration Testing of Fabrics for Development of Reusable Face Masks

Researchers tested the aerosol filtration performance of over 300 fabrics and layered fabric combinations for use as reusable face masks, finding that layered materials and hydrophobic coatings significantly improve filtration efficiency while maintaining breathability. The work provides practical guidance for designing effective non-disposable masks — an important consideration given that disposable mask waste, including microplastic-releasing synthetic fibers, became a major pollution concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 Aerosol and Air Quality Research 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Single-use surgical face masks, as a potential source of microplastics: Do they act as pollutant carriers?

Researchers investigated whether single-use surgical face masks, widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic, are a potential source of microplastic fibers released into the environment. The study found that used masks entering uncontrolled waste streams can shed fibrous microplastics.

2021 Journal of Molecular Liquids 96 citations
Article Tier 2

Exudation of microplastics from commonly used face masks in COVID-19 pandemic

Researchers simulated real-world mask usage and found that commonly used face masks — including surgical and cloth types — shed measurable quantities of microplastic particles that could be inhaled by the wearer, raising concerns about respiratory exposure during prolonged mask use.

2022 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Protein‐Based Face Mask with High SARS‐CoV‐2 Neutralization Ability and Breathability

This paper describes the development of a protein-based face mask designed to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by capturing spike proteins. It is not about microplastics and is not relevant to microplastic research.

2023 Advanced Materials Technologies 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique

Researchers developed biodegradable polylactide (PLA) filter fibers using a hybrid 3D printing and electrospinning technique, intended as a sustainable alternative to single-use synthetic mask filters. The PLA filters showed acceptable filtration performance. Replacing petroleum-based filter materials with biodegradable ones could reduce the plastic pollution burden from pandemic-era personal protective equipment.

2021 Materials 21 citations
Review Tier 2

A Critical Review on Reusable Face Coverings: Mechanism, Development, Factors, and Challenges

This review evaluated reusable face coverings as alternatives to disposable masks, examining filtration mechanisms, material developments, and key challenges including microplastic fiber shedding from textile-based coverings during use and washing.

2023 Textiles 6 citations