Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in seawater across global marine protected areas boundaries

Researchers conducted a comprehensive assessment of microplastic contamination across global Marine Protected Areas, finding that these conservation zones are not immune to plastic pollution and highlighting the need for targeted mitigation strategies.

2022 Environmental Pollution 109 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic pollution transcends marine protected area boundaries in the eastern tropical and south-eastern Pacific

Researchers assessed plastic pollution across marine protected areas in the Eastern Tropical and South-Eastern Pacific, finding that microplastic contamination transcends MPA boundaries. The study suggests that even expanded conservation zones like the planned Mega MPA may not be sufficient to protect against diffuse threats like plastic pollution without targeted mitigation strategies.

2024 Marine Pollution Bulletin 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Turning the tide on plastic pollution in St Helena and Ascension Island

Researchers assessed the scale and sources of plastic pollution on St Helena and Ascension Island, two remote UK overseas territories that have designated their entire exclusive economic zones as marine protected areas. Despite their remoteness, both islands accumulate ocean-transported plastic debris, challenging the assumption that MPA designation alone protects coastal environments from pollution.

2025
Article Tier 2

Plastic litter in sediments from a marine area likely to become protected (Aeolian Archipelago's islands, Tyrrhenian sea)

Researchers surveyed plastic litter in sediments near the Aeolian Islands in Italy, a marine area under consideration for protected status, finding microplastics in all samples at levels comparable to harbor environments. The findings show that even relatively pristine marine areas designated for protection are not immune to plastic pollution.

2016 Marine Pollution Bulletin 92 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in a mosaic of Marine Protected Areas from southeastern Brazil: An assessment based on filter-feeding bivalves

Researchers used filter-feeding bivalves as biological monitors to assess microplastic contamination across 28 marine protected areas along a heavily populated stretch of coastline in southeastern Brazil. They found microplastics in bivalves from all sites surveyed, demonstrating that protected status alone does not shield marine areas from plastic pollution. The study highlights how diffuse, transboundary plastic contamination reaches even designated conservation zones.

2026 Marine Pollution Bulletin 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Far‐field connectivity of the UK's four largest marine protected areas: Four of a kind?

This study modeled ocean current connectivity between the UK's four largest marine protected areas and surrounding waters, finding that persistent pollutants including microplastics could be carried hundreds of kilometers into these protected zones from upstream sources. The findings challenge the assumption that geographically isolated MPAs are protected from external pollution.

2017 Earth s Future 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Measurement of microplastic density in the Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia

Researchers measured microplastic abundance in the waters of the Karimunjawa National Park in Indonesia, a marine protected area, finding contamination despite its protected status. The results highlight that even designated conservation areas are not shielded from microplastic pollution carried by ocean currents.

2018 Indo Pacific Journal of Ocean Life 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Implications of Microplastic Pollution for the Conservation of Marine Protected Areas Authors

This study examines the implications of microplastic pollution for the conservation effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas, investigating whether the presence of microplastics undermines the environmental protection goals of these designated conservation zones.

2024 FIU Undergraduate Research Journal
Article Tier 2

Marine plastics threaten giant Atlantic Marine Protected Areas

Researchers surveyed plastic pollution across remote UK Atlantic Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and found beach debris increased more than tenfold over a decade, with plastics detected from the sea surface down to seamount depths. Plastic was found in organisms across the entire food web — from zooplankton to seabirds — indicating that MPA status alone cannot shield wildlife from plastic contamination.

2018 Current Biology 94 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluating Microplastic Concentrations in the Al Hoceima Marine Protected Area: Implications for Identifying Pollution Hotspots and Formulating Conservation Strategies

Researchers assessed microplastic concentrations in the Al Hoceima Marine Protected Area in Morocco, sampling water, sediment, and biota to establish baseline contamination levels and evaluate whether protected area status effectively limits plastic pollution.

2025 Sustainable Marine Structures
Article Tier 2

A global snapshot of microplastic contamination in sediments and biota of marine protected areas

A global snapshot of microplastic contamination in sediments and biota across marine protected areas (MPAs) found that microplastics are ubiquitous even in these conservation zones, undermining their protective function. The review synthesizes occurrence data and calls for microplastic monitoring to be integrated into MPA management plans.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 61 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in Marine Protected Areas of Southern Sri Lanka

Microplastic contamination was documented in coastal and lagoon sediments and water within two Marine Protected Areas in southern Sri Lanka, indicating that even protected zones are not shielded from plastic pollution.

2021 Marine Pollution Bulletin 88 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic and paint debris in marine protected areas of Peru

Researchers investigated microplastics, mesoplastics, and paint particles across multiple environmental compartments in two marine protected areas of Peru, revealing that even protected marine environments are contaminated with anthropogenic debris.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Unveiling the hidden threat of microplastics to coral reefs in remote South Atlantic islands

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination of coral reefs on remote South Atlantic islands, finding widespread microplastic presence in reef environments and raising concerns about the physiological and ecological harm to coral ecosystems far from human population centers.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Contaminação e toxicidade de microplásticos em uma área de proteção marinha costeira

This Brazilian study assessed microplastic contamination and toxicity in a coastal marine protected area, finding that sandy beaches accumulate plastic particles carried in by the ocean. The research highlights that even protected coastal zones are not immune to microplastic pollution, which can be ingested by marine wildlife and enter food webs.

2016 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine protected areas invaded by floating anthropogenic litter: An example from the South Pacific

Researchers found that marine protected areas in the Easter Island Ecoregion of the South Pacific are heavily invaded by floating anthropogenic litter traceable to high-seas industrial fisheries, with seabirds suffering both microplastic ingestion and macroplastic nest contamination.

2019 Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 84 citations
Article Tier 2

Mapping microplastic overlap between marine compartments and biodiversity in a Mediterranean marine protected area

Researchers mapped microplastic distribution across water, sediment, and biota in a Mediterranean marine protected area, revealing significant overlap between microplastic hotspots and biodiversity-rich zones, raising concerns about ecological impacts in supposedly protected habitats.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Pelagic microplastics around an archipelago of the Equatorial Atlantic

Researchers surveyed pelagic microplastic abundance around the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago in the Equatorial Atlantic, documenting the presence of microplastics at a remote mid-ocean location far from major urban centers. The findings extend the known geographic distribution of marine microplastic pollution to equatorial Atlantic waters and suggest widespread oceanic transport from distant sources.

2013 Marine Pollution Bulletin 175 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in a philippine protected area: evidence from Siargao Island’s surface waters and Siganus spp.

Scientists found tiny plastic pieces in ocean waters and fish around a protected island in the Philippines, with nearly 80% of fish containing plastic particles in their stomachs. These microscopic plastics can move up the food chain when people eat contaminated fish, potentially affecting human health. The study shows that even protected ocean areas aren't safe from plastic pollution, highlighting the need for better waste management and reduced plastic use.

2026 Water Science
Article Tier 2

Assessment of plastic debris and biofouling in a specially protected area of the Antarctic Peninsula region

Researchers surveyed plastic debris on shores of an Antarctic Specially Protected Area, finding 730 items with 85% being plastic, dominated by polystyrene and PET, and noting that biofouling occurred on 25% of debris, indicating that even heavily protected environments are not immune to marine plastic pollution.

2024 Marine Pollution Bulletin 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine litter arrived: Distribution and potential sources on an unpopulated atoll in the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Caribbean Sea

Even on an uninhabited atoll in the Caribbean, plastic litter dominated marine debris, with most items likely arriving from sea-based sources such as fishing vessels. This finding shows that remote, undeveloped locations are not immune to plastic pollution carried by ocean currents.

2020 Marine Pollution Bulletin 49 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastics are a new threat to Palau’s coral reefs

Researchers detected microplastics in seawater, sediments, and beach sand around the pristine coral reef system of Palau, confirming that even remote, well-protected marine environments are not free from plastic pollution and highlighting the global reach of this contamination.

2022 PLoS ONE 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution distribution: Differences between marine reserves and urbanised areas

Researchers compared microplastic concentrations in seafloor sediment cores from a developed coastal town and a nearby marine reserve in New Zealand, finding — surprisingly — four times more microplastic accumulation near the protected reserve than near the urban area. The finding suggests that ocean currents and seabed disturbance patterns, rather than just proximity to human activity, determine where microplastics concentrate on the seafloor.

2023 Continental Shelf Research 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic pollution in islands of the Atlantic Ocean

A survey of plastic pollution on beaches of Atlantic Ocean islands from the Azores to Tristan da Cunha found microplastics and macroplastics at all locations, with composition suggesting origin from both local and long-distance ocean transport. The findings confirm that even remote Atlantic islands serve as sinks for globally circulating plastic debris.

2018 Environmental Pollution 225 citations