Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

[Effects of Microplastics on the Growth, Physiology, and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)].

Wheat seedlings were grown in soils spiked with 100 nm and 5 μm polystyrene microplastics, with high concentrations (200 mg/L) significantly inhibiting root and stem elongation, reducing chlorophyll, and altering antioxidant enzyme activity, with smaller nanoplastics showing greater toxicity. The findings demonstrate that microplastic size influences phytotoxicity in a major agricultural crop.

2019 PubMed 75 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastics on Germination and Seedlings Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Researchers tested the effects of different microplastics on wheat seed germination and seedling growth and found that all treatments reduced plant development compared to controls. Polythene-containing microplastic treatments had the most negative impact, with significant reductions in both shoot and root length across wheat varieties.

2026 Journal of Bio-Science
Article Tier 2

Microplastics reduce the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) net photosynthetic rate through rhizospheric effects

Microplastics were shown to reduce the net photosynthesis and growth of wheat plants, with effects increasing at higher plastic concentrations. This demonstrates that microplastic contamination in agricultural soils poses a direct threat to crop productivity and food security.

2025 Journal of Integrative Agriculture 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Phytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Growth Morphology, Photosynthesis, Gaseous Exchange and Oxidative Stress of Wheat Vary with Concentration and Shape

Researchers conducted pot experiments to assess how polystyrene microplastics in different shapes and concentrations affect wheat growth, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. They found that powder-shaped microplastics caused the most severe reductions in plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content, especially at higher concentrations. The study suggests that both the shape and concentration of microplastics in soil play important roles in determining their phytotoxic effects on crop plants.

2025 Toxics 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Macro- and micro- plastics in soil-plant system: Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth

Researchers studied how plastic mulch film residues, both conventional polyethylene and biodegradable types, affect wheat growth when mixed into soil. They found that both macro- and micro-sized plastic residues negatively impacted plant growth above and below ground, with effects varying depending on the plastic type and the presence of earthworms. The study highlights that agricultural plastic residues left in soil can meaningfully affect crop development and soil ecosystem health.

2018 The Science of The Total Environment 1129 citations
Article Tier 2

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings performance mainly affected by soil nitrate nitrogen under the stress of polyvinyl chloride microplastics

Researchers evaluated the effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics on wheat seedling growth and soil properties. They found that microplastics significantly reduced shoot biomass and soil nitrate nitrogen levels, suggesting that disrupted nitrogen availability may be the primary mechanism affecting plant growth. The study indicates that microplastic contamination in agricultural soils could impair crop development by altering soil nutrient dynamics.

2024 Scientific Reports 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene microplastics on the soil-rhizosphere-plant system: Phytotoxicity, enzyme activity, and microbial community

Researchers tested how three common types of microplastics (polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene) affect lettuce growth and soil health. All three types inhibited plant growth, disrupted antioxidant systems in the leaves, and altered the microbial communities in the soil around roots, with polystyrene and polypropylene causing the most disturbance.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 122 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigating the Impact of Microplastics Type of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Rice Plants

Researchers investigated how three common types of microplastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, affect rice seed germination and early seedling growth. They found that microplastic exposure altered root development and shoot growth, with the effects varying by polymer type. The study raises concerns about how microplastic-contaminated agricultural soils could affect staple crop establishment and food production.

2024 Environmental Quality Management 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of soil microplastic contamination and cadmium toxicity on the growth, physiology, and root growth traits of Triticum aestivum L.

Researchers grew wheat plants in soil contaminated with polyethylene microplastics, the toxic heavy metal cadmium, or both, finding that combined exposure caused the worst damage — shrinking root area, reducing gas exchange in leaves, and lowering key growth indicators. These findings raise concerns about crop yields in farmland where plastic pollution and heavy metal contamination overlap, which is increasingly common.

2023 South African Journal of Botany 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Unveiling the Effects of Polypropylene Microplastics (PP-MPs) on Growth Attributes and Antioxidant Defense System in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scientists found that tiny plastic particles from everyday items like food containers can harm wheat plants when present in soil at higher levels, stunting their growth and reducing important nutrients. This matters because wheat is a major food crop worldwide, and if microplastics continue building up in farmland soil, it could affect our food supply and the nutritional quality of foods we eat. The study shows that plastic pollution isn't just an ocean problem—it's also threatening the crops that feed us.

2026 Water Air & Soil Pollution
Article Tier 2

Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv.) to the coexistence of micro-/nanoplastics and phthalate esters alters its growth environment

Researchers studied how wheat responds to co-existing stressors of microplastics and another soil contaminant, finding that combined exposure altered plant growth, physiological parameters, and grain quality compared to single-stressor exposures. The results highlight the importance of testing contaminant mixtures in agricultural soils.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic particles alter wheat rhizosphere soil microbial community composition and function

Researchers found that microplastic particles altered wheat rhizosphere soil microbial community composition and function, with different polymer types inducing distinct shifts in bacterial diversity and nutrient cycling processes.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials 139 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of multiple microplastic types on growth of winter wheat and soil properties vary in different agricultural soils

Researchers tested the effects of ten different types of microplastics, applied individually and in combinations, on winter wheat growth across three agricultural soil types. They found that the same microplastic type could have drastically different effects depending on the soil, and that combined microplastic mixtures did not simply add up to the sum of individual effects. The study highlights the importance of considering both soil type and microplastic mixture composition when assessing agricultural impacts.

2024 Plants People Planet 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Polyethylene and Polystyrene Microplastics on Oat (Avena sativa L.) Growth and Physiological Characteristics

Researchers conducted pot experiments exposing oat seedlings to polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics at four concentrations and measured effects on growth and physiological parameters. Both particle types reduced shoot and root biomass in a dose-dependent manner, with polystyrene microplastics causing greater physiological disruption, particularly to chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity.

2025 Plants
Article Tier 2

Investigation of the effects of polyethylene microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations on the plant-soil-microbiota system: A two-year field trial

Researchers conducted a two-year field trial to study how polyethylene microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations affect crops, soil, and microbial communities in a rice-wheat rotation system. They found that microplastics did not harm wheat growth but actually increased rice grain weight and plant height, while reducing soil nutrient levels including nitrogen and phosphorus. The study reveals that microplastics can alter soil bacterial communities and disrupt metabolic processes in ways that differ between crop seasons.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Phytotoxicity of polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Researchers tested the effects of polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene microplastics on tomato plant growth using hydroponic experiments at various concentrations. The study found that all three types of microplastics negatively affected seed germination, root growth, and plant development, with effects varying by plastic type and concentration. These findings suggest that microplastic contamination in agricultural settings could interfere with crop growth and food production.

2022 Journal of Environmental Management 195 citations
Article Tier 2

The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition

Researchers investigated how different types of microplastics interact with soil nutrient availability and weed competition to affect crop growth. The study found that the effects of microplastics on plant performance depend on the polymer type and are modulated by fertilization levels and competition from weeds, suggesting that real-world agricultural impacts of microplastic pollution may be more complex than laboratory studies indicate.

2024 Plant Biology 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Multi-omics analyses reveal the responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rhizosphere bacterial community to nano(micro)plastics stress

Researchers used multi-omics analysis to investigate how nano- and microplastics of different types and sizes affect wheat plants and the bacterial communities in their root zone. They found that smaller nanoplastics caused more severe disruptions to plant gene expression and soil microbiome composition than larger microplastics. The study reveals that plastic particle size is a critical factor determining the severity of impacts on agricultural systems.

2024 Journal of Nanobiotechnology 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on Triticum aestivum (Wheat)

Wheat plants grown in soil containing microplastics derived from bottle caps collected in two cities showed reduced germination rates and root growth, with plastics from different cities producing different effects likely due to differences in additive composition, demonstrating that plastic source and formulation matter for ecotoxicological outcomes.

2021 Environments 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic shape, concentration and polymer type affect soil properties and plant biomass

Experiments showed that microplastic shape, concentration, and polymer type all influence soil physical properties and plant biomass, with certain types reducing plant growth. The findings highlight that the wide variety of plastic particle types entering soils creates complex and variable ecological risks.

2020 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Interactive impacts of heat stress and microplastics contamination on the growth and biochemical response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) plants

Researchers investigated how heat stress combined with polyethylene microplastic contamination in soil affects wheat and maize growth. They found that the combination significantly reduced plant height, root length, leaf area, and chlorophyll content more than either stressor alone. The findings highlight that microplastic pollution in agricultural soils could worsen the damage already caused by rising temperatures to food crops.

2025 Ecotoxicology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics and Biochar on Chlorophyll Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A 21-day outdoor study investigated polyethylene microplastics and wood biochar effects on wheat seedling chlorophyll content, finding that higher PE concentrations reduced chlorophyll while biochar addition partially mitigated those negative effects.

2025
Article Tier 2

Soil texture modifies the impact of microplastics on winter wheat growth

Researchers grew winter wheat for 42 days in three soil textures contaminated with low-density polyethylene particles and polyester fibers to assess how soil type modifies microplastic toxicity. Soil texture significantly influenced outcomes—microplastics caused more root growth inhibition in silty loam and sandy loam soils by altering porosity and reducing nutrient and water availability, with polyester fibers causing an 85% reduction in root length in sandy loam.

2025 Journal of Soils and Sediments 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Researchers exposed wheat seeds and seedlings to polystyrene nanoplastics and found that while germination rates were unaffected, root growth increased significantly compared to controls. However, the nanoplastics were taken up by the roots and transported to the shoots, reducing micronutrient absorption and altering key metabolic pathways related to energy and amino acid production. The findings suggest that nanoplastics can fundamentally change how crop plants grow and process nutrients.

2019 Journal of Hazardous Materials 667 citations