Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Global Plastic Pollution and the Transition Towards a Circular Economy: Lessons from the EU’s Legal Framework on Plastics

This paper reviews the EU legal framework on plastics and the transition toward a circular economy, examining how regulatory instruments including the Single-Use Plastics Directive and extended producer responsibility schemes can reduce the billions of tons of plastic waste generated annually.

2024 Environmental Policy and Law 5 citations
Article Tier 2

The Role of Legislation, Regulatory Initiatives and Guidelines on the Control of Plastic Pollution

This review examines existing plastic pollution regulations globally, finding that despite many proposals and national bans, the overall effectiveness of legislation is unclear and most measures focus narrowly on marine plastics or single-use items. The authors argue that laws often lag behind science and face practical limitations given how deeply embedded plastics are in daily life.

2020 Frontiers in Environmental Science 220 citations
Article Tier 2

Global Plastic Industry Transition Addressing Key Drivers of the Triple Planetary Crisis

Researchers modelled global and regional transition scenarios for the plastic industry, integrating strategies to reduce fossil fuel dependence and shift to circular production models. They found that addressing plastic pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss simultaneously requires a coordinated policy package across the full plastic value chain.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology
Article Tier 2

Exploring Plastic-Management Policy in China: Status, Challenges and Policy Insights

Researchers reviewed China's plastic management policies and found that despite being the world's largest plastic producer, existing regulations remain insufficient, recommending strengthened extended producer responsibility and circular economy approaches to control plastic pollution.

2023 Sustainability 59 citations
Article Tier 2

Transforming the Global Plastics Economy: The Role of Economic Policies in the Global Governance of Plastic Pollution

This paper argues that addressing plastic pollution requires looking beyond waste management and marine cleanup to tackle the problem at its source, across the entire plastics life cycle including production, trade, and consumption. The authors trace how international policy discussions have evolved from voluntary approaches to regulatory frameworks, with over 100 governments calling for a new global plastics agreement. The research highlights the need for economic policies that address upstream production alongside downstream pollution.

2022 Social Sciences 85 citations
Article Tier 2

GlobalPlastic Industry Transition Addressing KeyDrivers of the Triple Planetary Crisis

Researchers modelled global and regional transition scenarios for the plastic industry to address the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. They found that an integrated suite of policy measures—including production caps, extended producer responsibility, and recycling investment—is needed to achieve meaningful co-benefits across all three planetary challenges.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

GlobalPlastic Industry Transition Addressing KeyDrivers of the Triple Planetary Crisis

Researchers modelled global and regional transition scenarios for the plastic industry to address the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. They found that an integrated suite of policy measures—including production caps, extended producer responsibility, and recycling investment—is needed to achieve meaningful co-benefits across all three planetary challenges.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

An Integrated Analysis of Plastic Packaging Value Chain: Identifying Barriers and Enablers for a Circular Economy

Researchers analyzed the full plastic packaging value chain to identify barriers and enablers for transitioning to a circular economy, tracing the evolution of circular economy concepts and quantifying the environmental impacts associated with exponential plastic waste growth. The study provides an integrated framework mapping opportunities for intervention across production, use, collection, and recycling stages.

2025 Journal of Green Economy and Low-Carbon Development
Review Tier 2

Politics and the plastic crisis: A review throughout the plastic life cycle

This political science review analyzed over 180 studies on the governance of plastics across their full life cycle, finding that marine pollution and microplastics are driving the fastest growth in plastic policy research. The authors identify fragmented governance architectures and the absence of binding international agreements as major obstacles to addressing the global plastic crisis.

2019 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Energy and Environment 466 citations
Article Tier 2

Reducing plastic waste

This paper examined strategies and policy mechanisms for reducing plastic waste, reviewing effectiveness of bans, extended producer responsibility, and behavior change interventions in different national contexts.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

A policy portfolio approach to plastics throughout their life cycle: Supranational and national regulation in the European Union

This study systematically analyzed plastic regulations across the European Union, Denmark, Germany, and Poland over the past twenty years. The researchers found that while the number of plastic policies has grown dramatically, most rules focus on end-of-life waste management rather than reducing plastic production at the source. The study suggests that current regulatory approaches may not be enough to address the full lifecycle of plastic pollution, including the microplastics that result from plastic breakdown.

2024 Environmental Policy and Governance 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding the socioeconomic determinants of marine plastic pollution: Evaluating policy effectiveness and mitigation strategies in the Global South.

Researchers synthesized qualitative and quantitative evidence on marine plastic pollution in the Global South, identifying rapid urbanization, inadequate waste infrastructure, and weak governance as primary drivers, and recommending integrated strategies combining single-use plastic bans, extended producer responsibility, regional cooperation, and circular economy incentives.

2026 Marine pollution bulletin
Article Tier 2

China’s regulatory respond to plastic pollution: Trends and trajectories

Analysis of 231 plastic-related Chinese government policies from 2000 to 2021 revealed increasing regulatory attention to plastic pollution with a shift from general waste management toward specific single-use plastic restrictions after 2020. The findings highlight China moving toward more targeted plastic governance despite its large contribution to global ocean plastic.

2022 Frontiers in Marine Science 44 citations
Review Tier 2

What Shall We Do With a Sea of Plastics? A Systematic Literature Review on How to Pave the Road Toward a Global Comprehensive Plastic Governance Agreement

A systematic literature review of 64 peer-reviewed articles analyzed what a successful global plastic governance agreement would require, identifying key elements including binding reduction targets, extended producer responsibility, and a lifecycle approach that addresses plastic from production through disposal.

2021 Frontiers in Marine Science 71 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastics in transition: Global regulations and emerging technologies for sustainable management

This review analyzes how global plastic regulations (single-use bans, extended producer responsibility schemes, international treaties) interact with emerging cleanup technologies (chemical recycling, photocatalysis, biodegradation) and concludes that neither policy nor technology alone can solve microplastic pollution without coordinated socio-technical alignment. A key warning is that some emerging recycling and treatment technologies can themselves generate secondary microplastics and nanoplastics, meaning poorly designed solutions risk making the problem worse.

2026 Journal of Environmental Management
Article Tier 2

Policy priorities: emerging trends in a global response

This policy review examines global regulatory responses to plastic and microplastic pollution, identifying focal areas, gaps, and future directions by drawing parallels to historical policy development around air pollution management.

2024 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Global Plastic Production, Environmental Impacts, and Sustainable Remediation Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review traces global plastic production from 1950 to 2025, documenting the exponential growth in output and associated waste, and evaluating remediation strategies including mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, biodegradation, and emerging alternatives.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Legislation to limit the environmental plastic and microplastic pollution and their influence on human exposure

This review surveys global legislation aimed at limiting plastic and microplastic pollution, including bans on single-use items, recycling mandates, and clean-up initiatives across different countries. The study also discusses how these regulations may help reduce human exposure to plastics and their associated toxic chemicals, though enforcement and scope remain uneven worldwide.

2021 Environmental Pollution 99 citations
Article Tier 2

The Evolutionary Trend and Impact of Global Plastic Waste Trade Network

Analysis of the global plastic waste trade network from 1988 to 2017 found that recent national import bans have reshaped trade flows, with waste being redirected from China to other developing nations rather than reducing overall plastic waste generation.

2021 Sustainability 71 citations
Article Tier 2

A Critical Analysis of the Rising Global Demand of Plastics and its Adverse Impact on Environmental Sustainability

This critical review examined global trends in plastic demand and mismanaged plastic waste, identifying the top contributing countries and evaluating plastic replacement alternatives, arguing that reducing consumption and improving waste management infrastructure are more impactful than material substitution alone.

2021 Journal of Environmental Pollution and Management 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing and managing environmental hazards of polymers: historical development, science advances and policy options

Researchers critically reviewed how polymer environmental safety regulations, largely unchanged since the 1990s, fail to keep pace with scientific understanding of plastic pollution. They identified four key areas needing regulatory attention, including better transparency about polymer identities, improved understanding of environmental fate across size categories, and more comprehensive hazard assessments. The study suggests that current regulatory frameworks worldwide need significant updates to adequately manage the environmental risks posed by polymers.

2022 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Politics and Policies of Bioplastic Regulations

This review examines the political and regulatory landscape governing bioplastics, tracing the history of bioplastic policies from early tax breaks and subsidies through key legislative milestones including Extended Producer Responsibility frameworks and the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive. The authors analyse how regulatory frameworks interact with industry development, addressing the growing intersection of marine pollution concerns, microplastic legislation, and the governance of bioplastic additives at national and international levels.

2025
Article Tier 2

The Legal dilemmas and pathways for managing plastic waste pollution in China: An assessment of current regulations and a vision for future governance frameworks

This paper systematically analyses the current state of plastic waste legal regulation in China and proposes a framework for future governance, examining how the rapid growth of the e-commerce, express delivery, and food delivery industries has sharply increased plastic product consumption. The authors assess existing regulatory gaps and outline pathways toward more effective and comprehensive plastic waste management law.

2024 Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development
Article Tier 2

The Environmental Challenges of Polythene and Production and Prevention Legislation in the World

This review examines the global environmental impact of polythene plastic pollution, discussing its effects on aquatic ecosystems and public health while analyzing the international and regional legislative frameworks aimed at reducing plastic production and use.

2023 2 citations