Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Environment: Uptake, Bioaccumulation and Impacts on Plants, Animals and Humans Health: A Review

This review examines microplastic uptake, bioaccumulation, and health impacts across plants, animals, and humans. The study summarizes current evidence on how microplastic particles smaller than 5 mm have been detected in all environmental compartments and are entering biological systems through multiple exposure pathways.

2026 SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository
Article Tier 2

Sources and distributions of microplastics and the hazards to plants, animals and human health:A review.

This review examines the sources, distribution, and health impacts of microplastics on plants, animals, and humans. Researchers found that microplastics enter organisms through multiple exposure pathways and can adsorb heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants due to their large surface area, potentially amplifying adverse effects on metabolism and overall health.

2024 PubMed 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastics and Micro/Nano-Plastics (MNPs) in the Environment: Occurrence, Impact, and Toxicity

This review provides a broad overview of how plastics break down into micro- and nanoplastics in soil, water, and air, and how these tiny particles are taken up by plants, animals, and humans. As plastics age in the environment, they become more reactive and potentially more toxic. The paper discusses how these particles enter the body, where they accumulate, and the toxic effects observed in studies so far.

2023 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 95 citations
Article Tier 2

Research progress on the sources and toxicology of micro (nano) plastics in environment

This review covers sources, distribution, and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics across soil, water, and air, including effects on organisms and human health. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on environmental microplastic contamination and its consequences.

2018 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Human Food Chain: Exposure and Health Implications

This review documents how microplastics have permeated the human food chain and are now detected in human tissues including lungs, liver, placenta, and breast milk, examining exposure routes through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact and the potential health consequences of this ubiquitous contamination.

2025 Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring
Review Tier 2

Plastics, microplastics, and human contamination: A literature review

This literature review synthesizes research on human contamination by plastics and microplastics, covering ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes and summarizing documented health effects across organ systems.

2024 Seven Editora eBooks
Article Tier 2

Environmental distribution, transport and ecotoxicity of microplastics: A review

This review covers the environmental distribution and transport of microplastics across marine, freshwater, soil, and atmospheric compartments, and analyzes their toxicity to organisms at different trophic levels including potential effects on human health.

2020 Journal of Applied Toxicology 76 citations
Article Tier 2

The growing threats and mitigation of environmental microplastics

This review summarizes the growing threat of microplastic pollution across soil, air, and water, and its harmful effects on marine life, land animals, and humans. Microplastics enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, where they can suppress the immune system, cause inflammation, blood cell damage, and even death in organisms. The review highlights that as plastics age and break down, they become more toxic and more easily absorbed by living things.

2024 Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 33 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review on Exposure Pathways, Toxicity, and Emerging Risks

This comprehensive review examines microplastic exposure pathways in humans, methods of detection, and the potential toxic effects on various biological systems. The study highlights growing evidence that microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and may affect multiple organ systems, though significant uncertainties remain about long-term health outcomes.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Environment: Intake through the Food Web, Human Exposure and Toxicological Effects

This review summarizes how microplastics enter the human body through food, water, air, and even products like honey, milk, and meat. Humans are exposed mainly through inhalation and ingestion, and lab studies show that high concentrations of microplastics can trigger inflammation, immune responses, and reproductive problems in animal models. More research is needed to understand the health effects of the lower levels of microplastics that people actually encounter in daily life.

2021 Toxics 311 citations
Article Tier 2

Human Exposure to Microplastics and Its Associated Health Risks

This review examines how microplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin, and have been detected in stool, blood, and tissues. Research in lab animals and human cells shows that microplastics can disrupt digestion, immunity, the nervous system, and reproduction, and can also amplify the toxicity of other environmental pollutants they carry.

2023 Environment & Health 209 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in soil, water, air, and environmental health risk assessment

This review surveys the contamination of soil, water, and air by microplastics and assesses the associated environmental health risks. Researchers found that microplastics are present across all environmental compartments and can enter the food chain, potentially affecting both ecosystems and human health. The study calls for standardized detection methods and more comprehensive risk assessments to better understand the full scope of microplastic exposure.

2024 Microplastics 5 citations
Review Tier 2

Occurrence, distribution, characteristics, toxicity, human health effects and removal techniques of Microplastic: A Review

This review surveys the occurrence, distribution, toxicity, and health effects of microplastics across environmental compartments, examining how these particles enter ecosystems and food chains and evaluating available removal and mitigation techniques.

2023 International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in humans: Current evidence of presence and their role in organ toxicity

This comprehensive review examined how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and maternal-fetal transfer, summarizing documented evidence of MP presence and toxic effects across multiple organs.

2025 International Journal of Biology Sciences
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in soils, plants, and animals: A review of distributions, effects and potential mechanisms

This review covers the distribution and effects of microplastics in soils, plants, and animals, examining how plastic pollution moves through terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastics in soil can alter microbial communities, reduce plant growth, and accumulate in animals that ingest contaminated food or water. The review highlights that land-based microplastic pollution is as serious a concern as ocean contamination and poses direct risks to agriculture and human food safety.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 223 citations
Article Tier 2

Source and Route of Microplastics in Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Aquatic Environments, and Effects of Microplastics on Organisms

This review summarizes the sources, transport routes, and ecological effects of microplastics across terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic environments, highlighting how trophic transfer through food chains can ultimately lead to human ingestion.

2022 Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 6 citations
Article Tier 2

How microplastics interact with food chain: a short overview of fate and impacts

This review examines how microplastics move through the food chain, from water and soil into plants and animals, and ultimately into human food. Microplastics become more dangerous when they absorb toxic chemicals from the environment, and they accumulate in organisms because they take longer to pass through the body than to be consumed. The review highlights that microplastic bioaccumulation through the food web is a direct pathway for human exposure.

2023 Journal of Food Science and Technology 98 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: Their effects on the environment, human health, and plant ecosystems

Researchers reviewed how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, potentially causing cell damage, hormone disruption, and cardiovascular harm, while also degrading soil quality and stunting plant growth. The review urges urgent action given how thoroughly these particles have infiltrated both human health and agricultural systems.

2024 Environmental Pollution and Management 39 citations
Article Tier 2

The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: a Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review summarizes how microplastics — found in air, water, and food — enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and have been detected in organs including the lungs, liver, kidneys, placenta, and brain. Microplastic exposure has been associated with respiratory disorders, gut inflammation, reproductive toxicity, immune dysfunction, and potential neurological effects.

2022 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Implications for Ecosystems and Human Health

This comprehensive review documents how microplastics have spread to every environmental compartment on Earth — from ocean floors to mountain air — and synthesizes evidence of harm across species and ecosystems, including physical injury, hormonal disruption, reproductive damage, and chemical toxicity. For humans, microplastics have now been detected in blood, lung tissue, and the placenta, with exposure occurring through food, water, and air. While definitive proof of human disease causation is still accumulating, the review argues the breadth of biological impacts already documented justifies urgent action.

2023 Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth
Article Tier 2

Animal exposure to microplastics and health effects: A review

Researchers reviewed how microplastic exposure affects animals across terrestrial and aquatic environments, finding that species suffer physical harm, chemical contamination from pollutants that stick to plastic surfaces, inflammation, and behavioral changes. Because microplastics accumulate up the food chain, the review warns that animals entering the human food supply may carry these particles into our bodies.

2024 Emerging contaminants 117 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity assessment of microplastic (MPs); a threat to the ecosystem

This review describes how microplastics enter the food chain through contaminated soil, water, food, and household products, and have been confirmed present in the human body. Microplastics damage soil structure, harm soil microorganisms, reduce plant growth, and once inside humans through various exposure routes, may trigger inflammation and other health effects.

2023 Environmental Research 174 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Environment

This review surveys global evidence for microplastic contamination in environmental and human samples, covering exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and examining known and potential health risks. The authors note that despite frequent detection, the causal evidence linking microplastic exposure to specific human health outcomes remains limited, calling for more rigorous toxicological and epidemiological research.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic distribution and its implications for human health through marine environments

This review summarizes recent research on how microplastics spread through the ocean and enter the human body through seafood, inhaled air, and skin contact. Studies show these tiny particles can cause inflammation, organ damage, breathing problems, and metabolic disruptions, highlighting the health risks of microplastic contamination in marine food sources.

2025 Journal of Environmental Management 15 citations