Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Fate of Micro/Nano Plastic Pollutants in the Marine Ecosystem

This review traces the journey of micro- and nanoplastics through marine ecosystems, from their release as industrial wastewater to their accumulation in organisms via bioaccumulation and food web transfer. Once in the ocean, these particles undergo processes like biofouling and fragmentation that change their behavior and toxicity, and they act as carriers for other persistent pollutants and pathogens. The paper underscores that marine plastic pollution is not static but dynamic, with evolving risks at every level of the food chain including seafood consumed by humans.

2023 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of Micro and Nano Plastics on Ocean Environment

This review examines the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ocean environments, covering their sources, fragmentation from larger plastic debris, effects on marine species across the food chain from plankton to fish, and implications for ocean ecosystem health.

2024
Article Tier 2

Fate of plastics and microplastics in the marine environment

This thesis reviewed how plastics and microplastics enter, move through, and accumulate in marine environments, examining sources, transport pathways, and long-term fate. Understanding the ocean's plastic burden is essential for predicting ecological and human health risks.

2023
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nano-plastics in marine environment: Source, distribution and threats — A review

This review examines the sources, distribution, and threats of micro- and nanoplastics in the marine environment. Researchers found that microplastics are nearly ubiquitous in ocean ecosystems, causing harm to marine animals ranging from malnutrition to chemical poisoning. The study also highlights that nanoplastics can penetrate biological barriers, including the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barriers, and accumulate in vital organs.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 754 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of Their Sources, Formation, Fate, and Ecotoxicological Impact

This review collates evidence on microplastics in the marine environment, covering primary and secondary sources, degradation pathways into particles under 5 mm, ecotoxicological effects on marine biota that ingest smaller particles, and the transport and deposition mechanisms governing microplastic fate in sediments, shorelines, and the deep sea.

2022 Environmental sciences 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution: Assessing translocation, impact, and mitigation strategies in marine ecosystems

This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics move through marine ecosystems, contaminating species from tiny plankton to large fish through processes like biofouling and chemical leaching. The plastics interact with other environmental stressors like climate change and chemical pollution, compounding their effects on marine food webs. The authors highlight that nanoplastics, which form as microplastics break down further, may pose additional unique risks that are not yet well understood.

2025 Water Environment Research 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environment

This review examines the origins, transport pathways, and toxic impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments, tracing debris from diverse land-based and marine sources. Researchers found that plastic fragmentation produces ubiquitous micro- and nano-scale particles throughout ocean systems, with documented toxicity to marine organisms and potential risks to human consumers of seafood.

2022 Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nano-Plastics: From Initiation to Termination

This review traced the lifecycle of micro- and nanoplastics from their formation through environmental transport to potential remediation, highlighting ecotoxicological effects on marine ecosystems and the global push toward sustainable plastic management.

2023 Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Research Progress in Transfer, Accumulation and Effects of Microplastics in the Oceans

This review summarized global research on microplastic distribution, accumulation, and biological effects in ocean environments, covering transport mechanisms from surface to deep sea, ingestion across the food web, and evidence for physical and chemical toxicity to marine organisms.

2021 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 42 citations
Article Tier 2

The Environmental Impacts of Nanoplastics in Marine Ecosystems

This review examined how nanoplastics—generated by degradation of larger plastics—penetrate biological barriers, accumulate in tissues, contribute to biomagnification, and disrupt marine food chains, highlighting their distinct ecotoxicological mechanisms compared to larger microplastics.

2025
Article Tier 2

Sources, Fate, and Impact of Microplastics in Aquatic Environment

This review summarizes the sources, transport pathways, fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in aquatic environments, noting that coastal areas have the highest concentrations but that microplastics sink and accumulate in deep sediments after fragmentation. The pervasive contamination of aquatic ecosystems poses threats to marine biota and food webs that ultimately affect human health.

2020 IntechOpen eBooks 33 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review

This review synthesized the state of knowledge on microplastics as marine contaminants, covering their sources, pathways, distribution, biological uptake, and potential ecological and toxicological effects.

2011 Marine Pollution Bulletin 5709 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro Plastics in The Marine Environment: A Review of Their Effects on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems

This review examines the effects of microplastics on marine organisms and ecosystems, summarizing evidence for MP ingestion across trophic levels, physical and chemical harm to marine life, and the pathways through which marine MP pollution threatens biodiversity and fisheries.

2025 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science
Article Tier 2

Hazardous Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Marine Environment

This review examines the hazardous effects of microplastics and nanoplastics in marine environments, discussing the sources, persistence, and biological impacts of plastic particles, and evaluating remediation strategies including bioremediation alongside conventional approaches such as incineration, recycling, and landfilling.

2024
Article Tier 2

Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions

This review synthesized research on the distribution and significance of microplastics across the marine environment, covering sources, transport pathways, ecological interactions, and the state of knowledge on biological and chemical effects.

2017 Environment International 2517 citations
Article Tier 2

Migration and Transformation of Microplastics

This review traces the full journey of microplastics through the environment, from their origins to how they move through water, soil, and air. Researchers examined how properties like particle size, shape, density, and surface chemistry influence where microplastics end up and how far they travel. The study highlights that during transport, microplastics can release toxic additives and carry other pollutants, posing risks to both ecosystems and human health.

2025 4 citations
Review Tier 2

New insights into the migration, distribution and accumulation of micro-plastic in marine environment: A critical mechanism review

This review provided new insights into microplastic migration, distribution, and accumulation in marine environments, examining how photodegradation of macroplastics generates microplastics and their eco-toxicological risks to marine biota.

2023 Chemosphere 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding the Source, Behaviour, and Fate of Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments

This review synthesizes current understanding of the sources, behavior, and fate of nanoplastics in aquatic environments, identifying a significant knowledge gap regarding the processes nanoplastics undergo after entering the hydrosphere, including their potential to traverse the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in vital organs. The authors highlight the ubiquity of plastic nanoparticles entering water systems and the urgency of understanding their environmental transformation and ultimate fate.

2022
Article Tier 2

Research Progress of Microplastics

This review summarizes research progress on microplastics, covering their sources, distribution across environmental compartments, detection methods, and ecotoxicological effects on organisms. The authors highlight key knowledge gaps including the long-term fate of small microplastics and nanoplastics in terrestrial and aquatic systems.

2024 Engineering and Technology Journal 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The Fate of Micro/Nano Plastic Pollutants in the Natural Environment

This review explains how micro- and nanoplastics form through physical, chemical, and biological breakdown of larger plastic debris, and then traces their fate across land, water, and living organisms at every level of the ecological hierarchy. The authors discuss methods for identifying and classifying these particles and summarize the ecotoxicological risks they pose as they accumulate and interact with other pollutants. It provides a broad-level framework for understanding where microplastics end up in nature and why that matters for both ecosystem and human health.

2023
Article Tier 2

Recent advances on the transport of microplastics/nanoplastics in abiotic and biotic compartments

This review synthesizes recent findings on how microplastics and nanoplastics are transported through environmental compartments including water, soil, atmosphere, and biological systems, highlighting key factors that govern their fate and distribution.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials 136 citations
Article Tier 2

The Contribution of Microplastics to Marine Pollution

This review examines the contribution of microplastics to marine pollution, covering the pathways by which plastic particles enter ocean systems, their distribution across ocean basins, effects on marine life, and the challenges of reducing the flow of plastic into the sea.

2025 International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
Article Tier 2

The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment

This review synthesized research on the behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment — including transport, weathering, biofouling, ingestion, and chemical interactions — to characterize their full environmental lifecycle.

2015 Marine Environmental Research 810 citations
Article Tier 2

The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview

This review examines the fate of plastic debris in the ocean, covering production volumes, entry pathways, degradation mechanisms, and the emerging topic of nanoplastics. The study highlights that of the 359 million tonnes of plastic produced in 2018, an estimated 14.5 million tonnes entered the ocean, where physical, chemical, and biological processes break it into progressively smaller and potentially more hazardous fragments.

2021 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 301 citations