Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

DLR Tire and Road Wear Particle Emission Testing Methodology–Collection System Influence and Repeatability Assessments

Researchers developed and assessed a standardised test methodology for measuring tire and road wear particle (TRWP) emissions from vehicles, evaluating how collection system design affects measurement repeatability. The work supports the development of regulatory protocols for TRWP under emerging emission standards including Euro 7.

2025 SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series
Article Tier 2

Comparison of Methods for Sampling Particulate Emissions from Tires under Different Test Environments

Researchers compared different methods for sampling tire wear particle emissions under various test conditions, finding significant methodological differences that affect measurement outcomes and highlighting the need for standardized approaches as non-exhaust emissions become an increasing share of total vehicle pollution.

2022 Atmosphere 23 citations
Article Tier 2

On-Road Vehicle Measurement of Tire Wear Particle Emissions and Approach for Emission Prediction

An instrumented measurement vehicle was developed to quantify tire wear particle emissions under real-world on-road conditions, identifying key driving parameters such as speed, load, and cornering that govern emission rates. The study supports the development of emission factors and regulatory standards for non-exhaust tire-derived microplastic pollution.

2022 Tire Science and Technology 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization of airborne tire particle emissions under realistic conditions on the chassis dynamometer, on the test track, and on the road

Researchers developed a new tire and road wear particle (TRWP) sampling system and characterized airborne emissions under real-world conditions on a chassis dynamometer, test track, and public road. Emissions showed a bimodal size distribution with dominant modes at ~10 nm and 270 nm, with SEM/EDS revealing two particle formation mechanisms and confirming tire rubber as a major source of ultrafine airborne particles.

2025 Aerosol Science and Technology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification and mapping of tyre wear emissions: from EU regional analysis to global projections

Researchers quantified and mapped tyre wear particle emissions across EU member states and developed global projections, finding substantial discrepancies in per capita emission estimates across different national methodologies and providing guidance for optimizing future emission estimations.

2025 Environment International
Article Tier 2

Challenges in Quantifying Tire Wear Particle Emissions on an Outer Drum Test Bed

Researchers worked to develop reliable methods for measuring tire wear particle emissions on an outer drum test bed, a key challenge since tire wear is a major source of microplastics. They found that a degumming method using talcum powder increased wear rates to realistic levels but complicated particle measurements, requiring new techniques to distinguish tire particles from the powder. The study highlights the technical difficulties involved in accurately quantifying tire wear emissions for environmental assessment.

2025 SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of TRWP Particle Distribution in Urban and Suburban Landscapes, Connecting Real Road Measurements with Particle Distribution Simulation

Researchers combined road-based tyre and road wear particle emission sampling with particle distribution simulations at a high-traffic urban intersection, finding that TRWP concentrations correlated with vehicle dynamics such as braking and acceleration, and that air humidity and dust resuspension significantly influenced particle measurements in the field.

2022 Atmosphere 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical challenges and possibilities for the quantification of tire-road wear particles

This review examines the analytical challenges involved in measuring tire-road wear particles, one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions. Researchers cataloged the wide range of methods used to detect and quantify these particles, noting that their varied size, shape, density, and chemical makeup make consistent measurement difficult. The study highlights the need for standardized analytical approaches so that results from different studies can be meaningfully compared.

2023 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust based on synthetic/natural rubber ratio using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry across diverse tire types

Researchers developed an improved method for measuring tire wear particles in road dust that accounts for differences in rubber composition across tire brands and types. They found that the standard ISO method, which assumes a fixed ratio of synthetic to natural rubber, can significantly misestimate tire wear concentrations. The refined approach provides more accurate measurements of this major source of microplastic pollution from road traffic.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Shades of grey—tire characteristics and road surface influence tire and road wear particle (TRWP) abundance and physicochemical properties

A suite of experiments characterized how tire type, compound, and road surface properties influence tire and road wear particle (TRWP) size, morphology, and emission rates, finding significant variation across tire and road combinations relevant to predicting environmental exposure.

2023 Frontiers in Environmental Science 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical Investigation of Tire Induced Particle Emissions

This automotive engineering study measured the size distribution of fine dust particles (under 10 micrometers) generated by tire wear, finding that tire-derived particles represent a significant non-exhaust source of urban particulate matter. As electric vehicle adoption reduces exhaust emissions, tire and brake wear particles will become a proportionally larger component of urban air pollution. These tire wear particles are also a major source of microplastic contamination in road runoff.

2021 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire wear particle emissions: Measurement data where are you?

Researchers traced the measurement data behind 14 country-level studies estimating tire wear particle emissions and found that nearly all relied on a chain of citations rather than original measurements. Of 63 interconnected studies, only nine contained actual emission measurements, and most of those dated back to the 1970s. The findings reveal a critical gap in reliable, up-to-date data on tire wear emissions despite growing concern about their contribution to microplastic pollution.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 83 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying the detachment dynamics of microplastic car tire-wear particles using a deep learning framework in a laboratory wind tunnel.

Researchers used a deep learning framework to analyze video footage of tire wear particles in a wind tunnel to quantify how these irregularly shaped particles detach from road-like surfaces under varying air flows. The AI-based tracking system revealed that detachment dynamics are strongly influenced by particle orientation and surface-flow interactions, filling a gap in airborne TRWP emission characterization.

2025
Article Tier 2

Particle emissions study from tire sample with nano-silver tracer from different steps of its life cycle. A new approach to trace emissions of tire microparticles

Researchers developed a new method using nano-silver tracers embedded in tire rubber to track and measure tiny particle emissions released during tire repair, grinding, and incineration. The technique successfully identified nanoparticles released at each stage, offering a new way to assess human exposure to tire-derived pollution.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations

Researchers analyzed global regulations affecting tires across their entire lifespan and found a significant gap: while many rules address tire chemicals, safety, and recycling, none specifically regulate tire wear particles (TWPs) — the microplastic-like fragments shed onto roads. The authors argue that TWPs represent a poorly controlled source of environmental contamination and call for new risk-based regulations targeting their emission and toxicity.

2022 Environmental Pollution 66 citations
Article Tier 2

Realistic evaluation of tire wear particle emissions and their driving factors on different road types

This study measured tire wear particle (TWP) emissions under realistic driving conditions on different road types and identified the key driving factors affecting emission rates. Tire wear particles are a major category of microplastic pollution in road runoff, and this data is needed to estimate their contribution to environmental contamination.

2023
Article Tier 2

Comprehensive approach to national tire wear emissions: Challenges and implications

Researchers developed a comprehensive approach to estimate national tire wear emissions, which are a major source of microplastics in the environment. They found that increasing vehicle weight due to electrification trends and growing traffic volumes are driving higher emissions, while no regulations currently exist for tire wear. The study provides methods needed for tracking changes in tire-related microplastic pollution and supporting future environmental impact assessments.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Vehicle Tire and Road Wear Particles’ Size Distribution and Influencing Factors Examined via Laboratory Test

Researchers conducted laboratory tests to characterize the size distribution of tire and road wear particles under various conditions. The study found that factors such as driving speed, tire composition, and road surface characteristics significantly influence the size and quantity of wear particles released, which are a growing source of microplastic pollution.

2024 Atmosphere 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers characterized non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicle tire and road wear, collecting atmospheric PM samples with a high-volume quartz filter sampler and using pyrolysis-GC/MS to analyze tire rubber markers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, quantifying the contribution of tire-brake-road wear particles to urban air pollution.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Classification and Characterization of Tire-Road Wear Particles in Road Dust by Density

Tire-road wear particles were classified and characterized by density using road dust from an asphalt pavement, allowing separation of tire tread-derived particles from road surface and mineral components. The density-based classification approach improves the accuracy of tire wear particle quantification in environmental monitoring studies.

2022 Polymers 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment - A review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects

Researchers reviewed available science on tire wear particles (TWP) — tiny fragments shed from tires during driving — finding that Europe alone generates over 1.3 million tonnes per year, but critical data on environmental concentrations, transport to waterways, and aquatic toxicity remain too limited for robust ecological risk assessment.

2018 Water Research 944 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods for laboratory-generation and physico-chemical characterisation of tyre wear particles

Researchers developed a lab method to generate tire wear particles using a friction machine and then identified a suite of chemical compounds that could serve as reliable markers for detecting these particles in environmental samples. Tire wear is one of the largest single sources of microplastic pollution globally, yet quantifying it in the environment has been hampered by the lack of agreed marker compounds. This work lays groundwork for standardized monitoring of tire particle pollution in soils and waterways.

2024 Detritus 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Emission Characteristics of Tyre Wear Particles from Light-Duty Vehicles

Researchers measured the number concentrations and elemental composition of tyre wear particles emitted from light-duty vehicles under different driving test cycles using a chassis dynamometer. The study found that aggressive driving cycles with larger accelerations and decelerations produced much higher particle emissions, and that high driving speeds with rapid acceleration generated the most tyre wear particles.

2023 Atmosphere 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Pollution from Transport: Detection of Tyre Particles in Environmental Samples

This study reviews tyre wear particles as a major but underestimated source of microplastic pollution from road transport, describing methods for detecting these particles in environmental samples including road dust, waterways, and soils. The authors call for greater regulatory attention to tyre-derived emissions alongside other transport-related pollutants.

2022 Energies 41 citations