Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Di Kota Padang

Researchers analyzed microplastics in 30 bottled water samples from three brands in Padang, Indonesia, finding contamination in all samples at concentrations of 5-11 particles per liter. Fragment morphotypes dominated, followed by fibers and pellets, and significant differences in microplastic abundance were found between brands, raising consumer safety concerns in the Indonesian context.

2024 METANA
Article Tier 2

Study of Microplastic Concentrations at the Drinking Water Depot in Sumbersari Village, Jember Regency

Researchers measured microplastic contamination in 12 refillable drinking water depots in Sumbersari, Indonesia, finding an average concentration of 7.1 particles per liter, mostly fibers and fragments. Consumers were estimated to ingest between 5.61 and 15.98 microplastic particles per liter per day.

2024 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan
Article Tier 2

Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah

This Indonesian study detected and characterized microplastics in bottled drinking water (AMDK) sold in Semarang, Central Java. Bottled water is widely consumed as a supposedly hygienic alternative to tap water, making findings of microplastic contamination in this product category particularly relevant to understanding direct human ingestion pathways.

2023 METANA 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination in Refillable and Packaged Drinking Water: Sources, Types, and Health Impacts

Researchers reviewed microplastic contamination in both refillable and packaged drinking water, examining sources, types, and health implications. The review found microplastics are consistently present in both water types, with packaging materials and distribution infrastructure identified as key contamination sources.

2025 Proceeding of International Seminar and Workshop on Public Health Action
Article Tier 2

The Effect of Different Storage Conditions for Refilled Plastic Drink Bottles on the Concentration of Microplastic Release in Water

Researchers investigated microplastic release from reused plastic water bottles under different storage conditions and timeframes, finding that bottle reuse and prolonged storage increase the concentration of microplastics released into the contained water.

2022 Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination in Drinking Water Treatment Systems: A Case Study of Bedadung River Jember

Researchers traced microplastic contamination through the Bedadung River water treatment chain in Indonesia, from intake to consumer taps, at seven sampling points. MPs were present throughout the system, with concentrations declining through treatment stages but not reaching zero, indicating residual MP exposure in treated drinking water.

2025 Energy - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik
Article Tier 2

Drinking plastic: a study of microplastic concentrations in drinking water from rural and urban sources in Mali, Africa

Researchers measured microplastic concentrations in drinking water from rural and urban sources in Mali, Africa, finding microplastics in all samples and identifying higher concentrations in urban supplies, with implications for human health in a region with limited water treatment infrastructure.

2024
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Microplastic Content in Surface Water of the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in Indonesia

Researchers analyzed surface water from Indonesia's Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, a drinking water source, and found microplastics at every sampling location, with concentrations ranging from 340 to 820 particles per cubic meter. The dominant shapes were filaments and fibers, and the plastics identified included polypropylene and polystyrene. The highest contamination was found at an upstream river inlet, suggesting that rivers are a key delivery route for microplastics into the reservoir. The findings raise concerns about microplastic exposure through drinking water drawn from Indonesian surface water sources.

2025 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 1 citations
Article Tier 2

First assessment of occurrence, characteristics and human exposure of microplastics in bottled drinking water, Nepal

Researchers conducted the first assessment of microplastics in bottled drinking water from Nepal's mountain, hill, and Terai regions, finding microplastics in all 35 samples tested (mean 118 items/L), with fiber-shaped particles dominating at 71.76%, establishing a baseline for this developing-country context.

2025 Cleaner Water
Article Tier 2

Occurrence, characterization, and removal efficiency of microplastics in point-of-use drinking water systems: A case study in Dogonbadan, Iran

Researchers sampled inlet and outlet water from point-of-use drinking water systems in Iran and found that rather than removing microplastics, these systems actually increased average concentrations from 11.66 to 20 MPs/L, with polycarbonate and polypropylene as dominant polymer types.

2025 Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
Article Tier 2

Measurement and daily consumption of microplastics in drinking water from a Small Island Developing State—Fiji: from freshwater to groundwater sources

Researchers conducted the first baseline study of microplastics in drinking water sources across Fiji, including raw, treated, tap, rain, ground, and bottled water. They found microplastics present in all water types, with fibers being the most common form, and estimated daily ingestion rates for different age groups. The study highlights that small island developing states face significant microplastic exposure through their drinking water supply.

2025 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Prevalence and implications of microplastics in potable water system: An update

This review summarizes current knowledge on microplastic contamination in drinking water systems worldwide, covering sources, detection methods, and potential health implications. Researchers found that microplastics are present in both tap and bottled water, with fibers and fragments being the most common types detected. The study highlights the need for standardized testing methods and regulatory limits to protect public health from microplastic exposure through drinking water.

2023 Chemosphere 47 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Factors influencing microplastic contamination in bottled drinking water in Indonesia: a systematic review

This systematic review found that bottled drinking water in Indonesia contains microplastics, with contamination levels influenced by packaging type, bottle material, and storage conditions. The findings raise health concerns because microplastics in drinking water can carry harmful chemicals and may affect the digestive system when consumed regularly.

2023 Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Article Tier 2

Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in drinking water treatment plants, distribution systems, water from refill kiosks, tap waters and bottled waters

This review summarizes research on microplastic contamination across the entire drinking water supply chain, from treatment plants to tap water and bottled water. Microplastics were found at every stage, with concentrations varying widely depending on location and treatment methods. The findings highlight that people are regularly consuming microplastics through their drinking water, though more standardized research is needed to fully understand the health implications.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 82 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing microplastic contamination in drinking water: implications for vulnerable populations in Tema, Ghana

Researchers assessed microplastic contamination in tap water and sachet water at eight institutions in two communities, measuring fiber, bead, fragment, and film types. MPs were detected in all sample types, with sachet water showing higher contamination in some locations, raising equity concerns about water safety for populations dependent on packaged water.

2025 Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Article Tier 2

Occurrence of Microplastics in Borehole Drinking Water and Sediments in Lagos, Nigeria

Researchers detected microplastics in borehole drinking water and sediments in Lagos, Nigeria, finding fibres and fragments in the majority of samples, indicating that groundwater sources used for drinking are contaminated with plastic particles and posing potential health risks to communities relying on borehole water.

2022 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Identifying microplastic contamination in drinking water: analysis and evaluation using spectroscopic methods

Researchers developed analytical methods to identify and quantify microplastic contamination in drinking water, evaluating extraction efficiency and detection accuracy across different water types and plastic particle sizes. The study assessed health implications based on measured plastic loads in treated water.

2024 Interdisciplinary Environmental Review
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in small semi-industrial desalination stations and bottled waters: Human exposure and emerging health concerns

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in bottled water and small semi-industrial desalination stations in a water-scarce region. The study found microplastics present in both water sources, with higher levels than expected in desalination station output, raising concerns about human exposure through drinking water and highlighting the need for improved filtration standards.

2026 The Science of The Total Environment
Article Tier 2

First evidence of microplastics and their characterization in bottled drinking water from a developing country

Scientists in a developing country analyzed 10 brands of bottled drinking water and found microplastics in all samples, with concentrations varying by brand. The most common particles were polyethylene and polypropylene fragments and fibers, likely originating from the plastic bottle caps and packaging. This study adds to evidence that bottled water is a significant source of daily microplastic intake for people worldwide.

2023 Frontiers in Environmental Science 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic as an written composition in bottled water: Implications for waste management

This study characterized microplastic contamination in bottled water, identifying common polymer types and particle sizes and discussing implications for waste management and the effectiveness of current filtration in bottling facilities.

2024 Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring.
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in popular soft drinks and non-alcoholic beverages marketed in Iran: Quantity and characteristics

Researchers found microplastics in 80–90% of popular soft drinks and non-alcoholic beverages sold in Iran, detecting an average of about 22 particles per liter, with plastic fragments from PET and polyethylene packaging as the dominant types. These findings highlight that plastic beverage containers are a likely source of human microplastic ingestion and call for tighter industry monitoring.

2024 Results in Engineering 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in bottled water: assessing drinking safety in Nepal

Researchers quantified microplastics in 17 brands of bottled drinking water from five provinces of Nepal using vacuum filtration, finding particles in all brands with concentrations and polymer types suggesting contamination during bottling and from cap materials.

2025 Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Article Tier 2

Presence and Quantification of Microplastic in Urban Tap Water: A Pre-Screening in Brasilia, Brazil

Researchers sampled tap water from Brasilia, Brazil and detected microplastics in all samples, with fibers as the dominant type and concentrations higher than many previous studies from other cities, highlighting the need for treatment infrastructure improvements and standardized monitoring.

2021 Sustainability 47 citations
Article Tier 2

[Presence of microplastics in water and the potential impact on public health].

This review summarizes what is known about microplastic contamination in drinking water and its potential effects on human health, noting that plastics can enter water supplies through weathering and industrial processes. The authors highlight concerns about physical toxicity, chemical leaching, and the role of microplastics as carriers for pathogens and pollutants, calling for more research and regulatory attention.

2019 Revista espanola de salud publica