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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to The presence and characteristics of microplastics in local salt industry production in Muna Regency in 2025
ClearThe presence and characteristics of microplastics in local salt industry production in Muna Regency in 2025
Researchers analyzed salt samples from local producers in Muna Regency, Indonesia, and found microplastic contamination in all 12 samples tested. The particles were primarily polyethylene and polypropylene fragments and fibers, with concentrations averaging 0.019 mg/kg. The study indicates that marine pollution and post-production handling both contribute to microplastic presence in locally produced salt.
The presence and characteristics of microplastics in local salt industry production in Muna Regency in 2025
Researchers analyzed locally produced salt from Muna Regency, Indonesia, and found microplastic contamination in all 12 samples tested. The dominant polymer types were polyethylene and polypropylene in fragment and fiber forms, with contamination attributed to both marine pollution and post-production handling processes such as transportation and packaging.
The Existence, Characteristics, Sources, and Impact of Microplastics in Salt Products in Indonesia
This systematic literature review described the presence, characteristics, sources, and health impacts of microplastics in Indonesian salt products, finding consistent contamination across regions with PP, PE, and PA as dominant polymer types. The main contamination sources were polluted seawater used in salt production and unmanaged plastic waste near coastal evaporation ponds.
Microplastic contamination in Indonesian consumable salts
Researchers analyzed both traditionally produced and commercial branded sea salts from Indonesia and found microplastics in all samples tested. Traditionally produced salts contained the highest contamination levels, with up to 3,753 particles per kilogram, though branded salts also contained significant amounts. The study indicates that sea salt is a notable dietary source of microplastic exposure for consumers.
Keberadaan Mikroplastik dalam Garam: Kajian Literatur pada Beberapa Kasus di Indonesia
This review synthesizes Indonesian studies from 2020 to 2024 on microplastic contamination in salt, finding abundances ranging from 46 particles/kg in coarse salt up to 29,000 particles/kg equivalents, with fibers, films, and fragments being the dominant morphologies and polymer types including PVC, PU, and polyester.
Microplastic pollution from sea salt: its effect on public health and prevention alternatives - a review
This review examines microplastic contamination in sea salt from countries that export to Indonesia, summarizing polymer types, contamination levels, public health effects of ingested microplastics, and potential prevention strategies to reduce human salt-borne plastic exposure.
Effect of plastic waste pollution in seawater to microplastic contamination in salt fields at Rembang
This study found microplastic particles in sea salt harvested from salt pans in Rembang, Indonesia, tracing their origin to plastic waste in the surrounding seawater. The findings add to growing evidence that microplastics contaminate table salt, representing a direct route of human dietary exposure to plastic particles.
Differences in Microplastic Content in Commercial Salt and Salt at the Semiringkai Coastal Local Center in Kupang City and Kupang Regency
Researchers compared microplastic content between commercial salt and locally produced salt from the Semiringkai coastal area in Kupang City and Kupang Regency, Indonesia, finding that both sources contained microplastics with average concentrations that were not statistically significantly different from each other.
Detection of microplastic contamination in table salts in Padang City, Indonesia, and control strategies for choosing healthy salt
Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in ten brands of table salt commonly consumed in Padang, Indonesia. The study found microplastic particles in all brands tested, ranging from 30 to 510 particles per kilogram, with fragments being the most common shape, suggesting that salt products represent a meaningful source of dietary microplastic exposure.
Identification of Microdebris in Traditional Salts Processes from Sea Water in Woha-West Nusa Tenggara and Takalar Lama-South Sulawesi
This Indonesian study identified microdebris including microplastics in traditionally produced salt from two regions, finding contamination at multiple stages of the salt-making process. Microplastic contamination in table salt represents a direct route of human ingestion for people who consume salt produced from polluted coastal seawater.
Microplastics in water, sediment and salts from traditional salt producing ponds
Researchers found microplastics in water, sediment, and sea salt collected from traditional salt evaporation ponds in Indonesia. The presence of plastic in harvested salt raises food safety concerns, as salt is a widely consumed condiment.
Microplastic Contamination in Sea Salt Production Using Geomembrane Plastic
Salt crystallization ponds lined with plastic geomembranes in Indonesia were found to contain microplastics in the harvested salt, though the study found no significant difference in contamination between ponds with and without the plastic liners. This suggests the plastic sheeting used in commercial salt production is not the primary microplastic source — contamination likely enters via the already-polluted seawater used as the raw material, meaning the salt supply is reflecting the broader state of ocean microplastic pollution.
From sea to table: Assessing microplastic contamination in local and non-local salt in Bali, Indonesia
All 20 brands of table salt tested in Bali, Indonesia contained microplastics, with an average of 173 particles per kilogram. Based on typical salt consumption, residents ingest roughly one microplastic particle per day from salt alone, highlighting how everyday foods serve as a constant low-level source of microplastic exposure.
Microplastics in Salt of Tuticorin, Southeast Coast of India
Researchers extracted and characterized microplastics from 14 brands of food-grade sea salts and bore-well salts from Tuticorin, India, finding contamination in both salt types with fibers and fragments as dominant forms and polyethylene as the most common polymer.
Microplastic Pollution in Table Salts from China
Researchers analyzed table salts produced in China and found microplastics contaminating samples from multiple salt types, suggesting that salt production processes and source water quality influence the extent of microplastic contamination in a common food ingredient.
Influence of various production methods on the microplastic contamination of sea salt produced in Java, Indonesia
Researchers compared microplastic contamination in sea salt produced by different methods — solar evaporation, boiling, and mechanical processing — in Java, Indonesia, finding that production method significantly affected MP levels, with open solar evaporation exposed to air contamination yielding the highest counts.
A study of the microplastic contamination of commercial table salts: A case study in Nigeria
Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in eight commercial table salt brands sold in southwest Nigeria, detecting MPs in all samples with concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 13.8 particles per kilogram, predominantly fibers and fragments of polyethylene and polypropylene.
Detection and Characterization of Microplastics in Commercial Salts in India
Researchers detected and characterized microplastics in commercial salts available in India, including rock salt, sea salt, and table salt varieties. The study found widespread microplastic contamination across salt types, raising food safety concerns given the ubiquity of salt as a dietary staple.
High levels of microplastics in commercial salt and industrial salterns in Sri Lanka
All commercial salt products tested in Sri Lanka were contaminated with microplastics, with concentrations ranging from 11 to 193 items/kg in commercial salts and up to 253 items/kg in lab-grade NaCl, and significant variation between three analyzed saltern sites.
The Effect of Geomembrane Plastic Usage on Microplastic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Salt Field
This study examined whether geomembrane plastic liners used in Indonesian salt production contribute to microplastic and heavy metal contamination in the finished salt product. The findings raise concerns about the safety of traditionally produced salt and unintended consequences of plastic use in food production.
Contamination of Indian sea salts with microplastics and a potential prevention strategy
All eight brands of Indian sea salt tested were found to contain microplastics, with concentrations ranging widely across brands, and the study proposed using improved salt harvesting methods to reduce contamination. The findings add to global evidence of widespread microplastic contamination in commercially sold sea salt, with direct implications for human dietary exposure.
Assessment of microplastics in edible salts from solar saltpans and commercial salts
Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in sea salts from solar salt pans in Tamil Nadu, India, and several commercial salt brands. The study confirmed the presence of microplastics in all salt pan samples and two commercial salt brands, with fewer than 350 polymer fragments per sample representing multiple polymer types. These findings suggest that sea salt production is a pathway for microplastic contamination to reach human diets.
The presence of microplastics in commercial salts from different countries
Researchers analyzed 17 commercial salt brands from eight countries and found microplastic particles in all but one, with concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 particles per kilogram. The most common plastics were polypropylene and polyethylene, appearing mainly as fragments. While the estimated human intake from salt alone appears minimal, the study confirms that microplastics have infiltrated yet another everyday food product.
Risk assessment of microplastic in commercial salt sold in Malaysia
Researchers conducted a risk assessment of microplastics in commercial table salt sold in Malaysia, finding that contaminated seawater used during sea salt production introduces microplastics into a widely consumed daily food ingredient with potential adverse health effects.