Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Behavior of compounds leached from tire tread particles under simulated sunlight exposure

This study examined what happens to chemicals that leach from tire tread particles when exposed to sunlight. While sunlight broke down about a third of the leached compounds, it also created new transformation products, some of which may be more harmful than the originals. Since tire particles are a major source of microplastics in waterways, understanding how their chemicals change in sunlight is important for assessing real-world health risks.

2024 Water Research 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Weathering of a micro and nanosized tire particle mixture increases ingestion and growth inhibition in larval fish and juvenile mysid shrimp

Researchers investigated how environmental weathering changes the toxicity of tire particle mixtures to larval fish and juvenile mysid shrimp. The study found that weathered tire particles were more readily ingested and caused greater growth inhibition compared to pristine particles, suggesting that aging in the environment makes tire-derived microplastics more harmful to marine organisms.

2026 Environmental Pollution
Article Tier 2

Toxicity of micro and nano tire particles and leachate for model freshwater organisms

Researchers tested the toxicity of micro- and nano-sized tire particles and their chemical leachates on zebrafish embryos and water fleas, two commonly used model organisms. They found that nano-sized tire particles were more toxic than micro-sized ones, and that the chemical leachate alone also caused significant developmental harm to zebrafish. The study demonstrates that tire debris poses a meaningful environmental risk to freshwater organisms through both direct particle exposure and the release of harmful chemicals.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials 108 citations
Article Tier 2

Mechanistic insight into the adverse outcome of tire wear and road particle leachate exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

Researchers studied how chemicals that leach from tire wear particles affect developing zebrafish, a common lab organism. The tire particle chemicals damaged eye development and impaired swimming behavior, even at concentrations found in the real environment. Since tire wear is one of the largest sources of microplastic pollution, these findings raise concerns about the ecological impact of road runoff on aquatic life.

2023 Environment International 62 citations
Article Tier 2

A study on the aquatic degradation of tire wear particles: Impact of environmental factors and material formulations

This study investigated how tire wear particles degrade in aquatic environments, examining the effects of environmental factors such as UV exposure and water chemistry on particle breakdown. The results showed that aquatic degradation alters tire wear particles in ways that may increase their ecotoxicological risk.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Behind conventional (micro)plastics: An ecotoxicological characterization of aqueous suspensions from End-of-Life Tire particles

Researchers studied the toxic effects of ground-up end-of-life tire particles on zebrafish larvae and found that finer tire powder was more harmful than coarser granules. The smaller particles released chemicals into the water that altered over 100 proteins involved in metabolic processes. The study suggests that recycled tire materials leach toxic substances that could pose risks to aquatic organisms.

2024 Aquatic Toxicology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

A study on the aquatic degradation of tire wear particles: Impact of environmental factors and material formulations

This study assessed how tire wear particles degrade in freshwater environments under varying environmental conditions including UV radiation and water chemistry. The degradation process alters particle properties in ways that may increase toxicity to aquatic organisms.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Comparative Toxicity of Micro, Nano, and Leachate Fractions of Three Rubber Materials to Freshwater Species: Zebrafish and .

Researchers compared the toxicity of micro, nano, and leachate fractions of three rubber materials—including tire rubber—to freshwater organisms. Nano-fractions and leachates generally showed higher toxicity than larger rubber particles, with leached chemicals driving much of the observed biological harm.

2025 Microplastics (Basel, Switzerland)
Article Tier 2

Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis

Tire wear particles, a major but underappreciated source of microplastic pollution, leached chemicals into seawater that inhibited algae growth, caused developmental problems in zebrafish embryos, and showed hormone-disrupting effects in cell tests. The study found that water-soluble organic compounds from tires -- not just heavy metals like zinc -- were the primary drivers of toxicity, underscoring the need for better regulation of tire additives.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 25 citations
Article Tier 2

In Vitro Assessment Reveals the Effects of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on the Toxicity of Photoaged Tire Wear Particles

Researchers examined how tire wear particles change when exposed to sunlight and found that the aging process generates environmentally persistent free radicals on their surfaces. These radicals significantly increased the toxicity of the particles in laboratory cell tests, causing oxidative stress and DNA damage. The study suggests that weathered tire particles may be more harmful than freshly released ones, adding a new dimension to microplastic pollution concerns.

2021 Environmental Science & Technology 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparative toxicity of tire wear particle leachates: Zinc as a key toxicant affecting development and motility in zebrafish larvae

Researchers compared the toxicity of leachates from tire wear particles with different treadwear grades on zebrafish larvae, finding that zinc was the primary toxicant responsible for developmental impairment and reduced motility across all treadwear grades tested.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials
Article Tier 2

Chemical toxicity screening of tire particle leachates from vehicles and their effects on organisms across three trophic levels

Researchers prepared leachates from bicycle, car, and electric scooter tire particles and tested toxicity across three organisms, finding that zinc and benzothiazole were the primary toxic compounds and that tire particle leachates caused growth inhibition in plants, mortality in water fleas, and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish.

2023 Marine Pollution Bulletin 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Leachates from tyres induce acute toxicity in fish, influence of tyre type and age

Researchers tested the acute toxicity of leachates from different tire types and ages on fish, finding that tire leachates cause dose-dependent mortality. The toxicity varied with tire composition and age, with newer tire formulations in some cases producing more harmful leachates.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Time-dependent toxicity of tire particles on soil nematodes

Tire wear particles—a major source of microplastics—were found to become increasingly toxic to soil nematodes over time as chemical additives leach out. The time-dependent toxicity means that older, weathered tire particles in soil may pose greater ecological risks than freshly deposited ones.

2021 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Leachates from tyres induce acute toxicity in fish, influence of tyre type and age

This study examined how leachates from tires induce acute toxicity in fish, comparing effects across different tire types and ages to assess how composition and weathering influence leachate hazard. Tire leachates caused acute toxicity in fish at concentrations relevant to roadway runoff, with leachate toxicity varying significantly by tire type and degree of weathering.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

[Aging and Small-sized Particles Release Characteristics of Tire Microplastics in Various Environmental Media].

Researchers simulated the aging of tire microplastics from cars and electric bicycles under UV illumination in both dry and aquatic environments, finding that 30 days of UV exposure caused surface roughening, cracking, and flaking while increasing the carbonyl index and releasing smaller particles, revealing distinct aging and fragmentation behaviors across environmental media.

2024 PubMed 1 citations
Article Tier 2

UV and thermal degradation of tire derivatives: A comparative study of unused tires, recycled tire chips, and tire and road wear particles

Researchers compared UV and thermal aging behavior of unused tires, recycled tire chips, and tire and road wear particles, finding that material history and particle size influenced degradation rate and benzothiazole leaching—a marker of toxicological concern from tire-derived microplastics.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics
Article Tier 2

Assessing the Biodegradability of Tire Tread Particles and Influencing Factors

Researchers tested the biodegradability of tire tread particles under natural and UV-weathered conditions, finding that biodegradation was limited and that UV weathering affected the process. Tire wear particles persist in the environment and contribute to microplastic, chemical, and particulate matter pollution.

2023 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Generation of environmentally persistent free radicals on photoaged tire wear particles and their neurotoxic effects on neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans

Tire wear particles, a common type of microplastic found on roads and in waterways, become more toxic after exposure to sunlight. This study found that sunlight-aged tire particles generate persistent free radicals that damaged the nervous system of test organisms, reducing movement and lowering levels of key brain chemicals like dopamine and serotonin. These findings suggest that weathered tire particles may pose a greater neurotoxic risk than fresh ones.

2024 Environment International 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire wear particles in different water environments: occurrence, behavior, and biological effects—a review and perspectives

This review examines tire wear particles, a major but often overlooked source of microplastics in water environments. Tire particles release toxic chemicals as they break down in water and can harm aquatic organisms, but most research has focused only on the chemical leachate rather than the particles themselves. Since tire wear contributes a large share of total microplastic pollution, understanding its full impact on water ecosystems and the food chain is important for human health.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 39 citations