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Biodegradable Polymers as an Alternative to Reduce the Production and Consumption of Products Made from Plastic
Original title: Polímeros biodegradables como alternativa para reducir la producción y el consumo de productos elaborados con plástico
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This Spanish-language review examined biodegradable polymers as alternatives to conventional plastics, noting that conventional plastics fragment into microplastics that contaminate food and water sources and harm organisms. The review argues that switching to biodegradable alternatives is essential for reducing the global microplastic burden.
La actual producción excesiva del plástico, debido al elevado uso que se le da por su accesible aprovechamiento y fabricación, ha generado un problema ambiental de gran impacto. Causando preocupación en la sociedad ya que estos son extremadamente persistentes en el ambiente, además de que también se fragmentan en pequeños pedazos llamados microplásticos, los cuales debido a su tamaño se desplazan rápidamente a las fuentes principales de los recursos y son consumidos por los organismos que habitan estos y finalmente también por las personas que los utilizan o consumen estos alimentos contaminados, por lo que son altamente dañinos para los ecosistemas y el ser humano. Para poder combatir este problema se vienen promoviendo y desarrollando alternativas accesibles para la sociedad, como la reducción, reuso, reciclaje y sobretodo la fabricación de bioplásticos compuestos por estructuras biodegradables obtenidas de distintas fuentes naturales, como enzimas, almidones, monómeros, proteínas, polisacáridos, etc., y así, poder reemplazar o reducir el uso de los fabricados con hidrocarburos. Los más usados son: El ácido poliláctico (PLA), el PCL (policaprolactona), el PHA (polihidroxialcanoatos), el TPS (Thermoplastic starch) y el PHV (polihidroxivaleriato).
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