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Biodegradar para No Contaminar: El Futuro de los Plásticos
Summary
This Spanish-language paper reviews the current state of biodegradable plastics as alternatives to conventional polymers, examining the potential for bio-based materials to reduce microplastic formation and marine contamination while meeting functional requirements for packaging and consumer products.
Hoy en día, la producción y acumulación de plásticos a nivel mundial constituye un problema ambiental de gran relevancia, con impactos negativos tanto en la salud humana como en los ecosistemas marinos. Además, la eliminación de los plásticos genera químicos tóxicos y microplásticos, entre otros efectos negativos. Por ello, este artículo de divulgación científica describe los principales tipos, características y aplicaciones de los plásticos más utilizados en la actualidad, los métodos tradicionales para su eliminación, y los aspectos más relevantes de la biodegradación de plásticos. En este contexto, un proceso de biodegradación de plásticos es un método prometedor mediante el cual hongos, bacterias o microalgas descomponen el plástico, transformándolo en sustancias más simples y menos perjudiciales para el medio ambiente. Finalmente, investigar nuevas metodologías para la degradación o eliminación de plásticos, que generen la menor cantidad posible de productos nocivos y contribuyan a reducir los niveles de contaminación, es fundamental para avanzar hacia una industria más sustentable y respetuosa con el medio ambiente.
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