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Adsorption of progesterone onto microplastics and its desorption in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids
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Progesterone adsorbed readily to polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene microplastics (up to 357 µg/g), and desorption experiments in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids showed substantial release under digestive conditions, suggesting a pathway for hormonal contaminant transfer via ingested MPs.
The sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) onto microplastics is relatively well reported in the literature, while their desorption remains poorly investigated, especially in biological fluids. The present study investigated the sorption and desorption of progesterone on polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) microplastics. The sorption experiments showed that the equilibrium was reached in a few hours for all plastics. A sorption efficiency of 357.1 μg g-1 was found for PE and PS, and 322.6 μg g-1 for PP. Sorption experiments indicated that adsorption would certainly happen via surface sorption and a potentially pore-filling mechanism. The desorption was carried out in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF), whose formulations were more complex than similar models reported so far. It has been found that the desorption was higher in SIF as compared to SGF, due to micelle formation in SIF promoting the pollutant solubilization. The sorption of pepsin onto microplastics has also been revealed, suggesting a competition between pollutants and pepsin for sorption sites and a potent reduction in pollutant solubilization. This study indicates that the ingestion of microplastics could be considered as an additional route of exposure to pollutants and therefore emphasizes pollutant bioavailability for aquatic organisms.
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Bioavailability of steroid hormones sorbed on microplastics for aquatic organisms through biological fluids
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This study examined how steroid hormones adsorbed to microplastics in water can desorb under simulated digestive conditions in aquatic organisms. The findings suggest that microplastics can serve as carriers delivering hormone-disrupting chemicals to organisms that ingest them, with potential implications for reproductive health in aquatic wildlife.
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Researchers investigated the sorption of six endocrine-disrupting chemicals — including alkylphenols and estrogens — onto microplastics under marine conditions, supporting the hypothesis that microplastics act as a secondary contamination vector for aquatic organisms by concentrating pollutants.
Sorption of levonorgestrel on polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene microplastics
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Sorption of the hormonal contraceptive levonorgestrel onto polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene microplastics was studied in both ultrapure water and artificial seawater, finding all three polymers showed sorption affinity, with LDPE having the highest capacity in ultrapure water and polystyrene highest in seawater.
Adsorption and Desorption of Steroid Hormones by Microplastics in Seawater
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Researchers evaluated the adsorption and desorption of the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) onto microplastics in seawater, finding that polymer type, particle size, salinity, pH, and humic acid concentration all influenced sorption behavior. The study provides mechanistic data relevant to assessing microplastics as vectors for endocrine-disrupting compounds in marine environments.
Sorption and bioacessibility of 17β-Estradiol on Environmental Microplastics: Particle Size, Aging, Competitive Interactions and Co-exposure
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This study investigated the sorption of the hormone 17β-estradiol onto polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene microplastics, examining how particle size and aging affect sorption capacity and co-exposure toxicity. Smaller and aged MPs showed higher estrogen sorption, increasing the potential for MPs to act as vectors for hormonal contaminants in aquatic environments.
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