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Short-term exposure to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics alters muscle antioxidant response, development and growth in Sparus aurata
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Researchers found that short-term exposure to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics altered muscle antioxidant responses, development, and growth gene expression in gilthead sea bream fingerlings at concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/L.
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plastic fragments have been found abundant in the environment, but the knowledge regarding its effects on the physiology of aquatic animals is still poorly studied. Here the short-term (96 h) effects of waterborne exposure to PMMA nanoplastics (PMMA-NPs) on the muscle of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings was evaluated at a concentration range that includes 0.001 up to 10 mg/L. The expression of key transcripts related to cell stress, tissue repair, immune response, antioxidant status and muscle development, together with several biochemical endpoints and metabolic parameters. Results indicate that exposure to PMMA-NPs elicit mildly antioxidant responses, enhanced the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and inhibited key regulators of muscle development (growth hormone receptors ghr-1/ghr-2 and myostatin, mstn-1 transcripts). However, no effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β, il1β and tumor necrosis factor α, tnfα) expression nor on the levels of energetic substrates (glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol) were found.
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Waterborne exposure of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics causes effects at cellular and molecular levels
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Gilthead seabream exposed to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics in water showed dose- and time-dependent changes in liver gene expression and plasma biomarkers, with upregulation of oxidative stress response genes at even the lowest tested concentration (0.001 mg/L).
Effects of polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics on Dicentrarchus labrax
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Researchers exposed European sea bass to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics for 96 hours and found upregulation of lipid metabolism genes, reduced esterase activity in plasma, and lower alkaline phosphatase in skin mucus — collectively suggesting nanoplastics can interfere with both fat metabolism and immune function in marine fish.
Effects of Sub-Chronic Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Lipid and Antioxidant Metabolism in Sparus aurata
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Researchers exposed gilthead seabream to polystyrene nanoplastics for 14 days and measured effects on blood, tissue, and gene expression. While the fish showed no visible tissue damage or changes in body condition, they had reduced hemoglobin levels and significant downregulation of genes related to fat metabolism, growth, and antioxidant defense. The study suggests that nanoplastics can cause subtle but meaningful biological changes in fish even when outward signs of harm are absent.
Uptake and toxicity of methylmethacrylate-based nanoplastic particles in aquatic organisms
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Researchers tested the uptake and toxicity of methylmethacrylate-based nanoplastic particles on aquatic organisms, finding cellular uptake and toxic effects at tested concentrations, contributing evidence on nanoplastic hazards.
Effects of nanoplastics on zebrafish embryo-larval stages: A case study with polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles
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Researchers assessed the effects of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles on zebrafish embryos and larvae over 96 hours. The study found that these nanoplastics affected biochemical endpoints related to neurotransmission, antioxidant status, oxidative damage, and energy metabolism, with effects varying by plastic type. Evidence suggests that smaller plastic particles may have increased bioavailability and reactivity compared to larger fragments.
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