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Effects of polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics on Dicentrarchus labrax
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Researchers exposed European sea bass to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics for 96 hours and found upregulation of lipid metabolism genes, reduced esterase activity in plasma, and lower alkaline phosphatase in skin mucus — collectively suggesting nanoplastics can interfere with both fat metabolism and immune function in marine fish.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ~45 nm nanoplastics (NPs) on the marine fish Dicentrarchus labrax after a short-term exposure. Animals were exposed to a concentration range of NPs for 96 h and liver, plasma and skin mucus were sampled. Assessed endpoints included biochemical biomarkers and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, immune system and general cell stress. Abundance of mRNA transcripts related to lipid metabolism, pparα and pparγ, were significantly increased after exposure to NPs. Biochemical endpoints revealed decreased esterase activity levels in plasma, suggesting that the immune system of fish might be compromised by exposure to NPs. Moreover, significantly lower levels of alkaline phosphatase were found in the skin mucus of animals exposed to NPs. The present results suggest that NPs may represent a hazard to this marine fish, potentially interfering with the metabolism of lipids and the correct function of the immune response.
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Gilthead seabream exposed to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics in water showed dose- and time-dependent changes in liver gene expression and plasma biomarkers, with upregulation of oxidative stress response genes at even the lowest tested concentration (0.001 mg/L).
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Researchers investigated how polystyrene nanoplastics affect the liver of largemouth bass, focusing on endoplasmic reticulum stress and fat metabolism. They found that nanoplastic exposure disrupted normal lipid processing and triggered stress responses in liver cells, altering the expression of genes involved in fat storage and energy regulation. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution in freshwater environments may impair metabolic health in fish.
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Researchers exposed gilthead seabream to polystyrene nanoplastics for 14 days and measured effects on blood, tissue, and gene expression. While the fish showed no visible tissue damage or changes in body condition, they had reduced hemoglobin levels and significant downregulation of genes related to fat metabolism, growth, and antioxidant defense. The study suggests that nanoplastics can cause subtle but meaningful biological changes in fish even when outward signs of harm are absent.
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Researchers found that short-term exposure to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics altered muscle antioxidant responses, development, and growth gene expression in gilthead sea bream fingerlings at concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/L.
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Researchers exposed Asian swamp eels to different concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics over 35 days to study effects on metabolism. Evidence indicates that high concentrations of nanoplastics disrupted energy metabolism by altering gluconeogenic pathways and affected amino acid profiles, suggesting that nanoplastic ingestion through the food chain may pose metabolic risks to aquatic organisms.
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