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Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics Exposureon Intestinal Flora of Zebrafish
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Polyethylene microplastic exposure altered gut microbiota composition in zebrafish in both size-dependent and time-dependent ways, with smaller particles and longer exposure durations producing greater shifts in bacterial community structure, including increases in potential pathobionts and decreases in beneficial genera.
Microplastic (MP) is an environmental pollutant, which is toxic to aquatic organisms and may affect their microbial community structure. Here, MP exposure with size-dependent and timedependent effects on gut microbiota of zebrafish were evaluated. High throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the core microflora consisted of Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Tenericutes, and Firmicutes significantly decreased in the MP-treated groups compared with the control group, while the abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes significantly increased in the MP-treated group. By contrast, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Chloroflexi significantly increased in the guts of fish in the 10-day group compared with the 1-day and 5-day groups. Besides, there were five specific genera in correlation with MP, including Porphyromonas, Xanthobacter, Campylobacter, IMCC26134 (unclassified Verrucomicrobia), and Lachnoanaerobaculum. Alpha and beta diversity analyses indicated no significant differences in bacterial communities in different treatments. However, LEfSe analysis showed that the gut microbiota composition was different between treatments and control. These results indicate that polystyrene MP can modify the gut microbiota composition; consequently, the health risks of MP to aquatic organisms should not be ignored.
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Zebrafish larvae exposed to polyethylene microplastics for up to 10 days showed no broad metabolic disturbances or inflammatory changes, but oxidative stress markers increased at 15 days and the gut microbiome was disrupted, with higher levels of bacteria linked to intestinal disease. The findings suggest microplastics alter the microbial environment of fish guts without triggering obvious inflammation.
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Researchers exposed larval zebrafish to two sizes of polystyrene microplastics and found significant changes in gut microbiome composition and metabolic activity. The microplastics altered the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria and disrupted metabolic pathways important for development. The study suggests that early-life exposure to microplastics could have meaningful biological consequences by reshaping the gut environment of developing organisms.
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Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to polyethylene microplastics for seven days and found significant disruptions to their gut bacteria and metabolic function. The microplastics altered the balance of key bacterial groups in the gut, increasing potentially harmful species while decreasing beneficial ones. Metabolic analysis revealed changes in fat, cholesterol, and sugar processing, suggesting that early-life microplastic exposure can disturb both the microbiome and metabolic development in fish.
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Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to polyethylene and polyester microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations and found significant disruptions to metabolic pathways and gut microbiome composition. Polyethylene primarily affected cell membrane compounds and inflammation-related metabolites, while polyester altered lipid metabolism and gut bacterial interactions. The study reveals that chronic microplastic exposure can cause subtle but meaningful shifts in fish metabolism and gut health, even at low concentrations.
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Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics of two different sizes for 14 days and found significant disruptions to the gut microbiome, including shifts in key bacterial populations. Smaller microplastic particles also triggered inflammatory responses in the gut, with elevated levels of inflammatory markers at both the gene and protein level. The study suggests that microplastic ingestion can disturb gut bacteria balance and cause intestinal inflammation in aquatic organisms.
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