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Interactions effects of nano-microplastics and heavy metals in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)
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Researchers investigated how nano-sized microplastics (80 nm) interact with cadmium in hybrid snakehead fish. The study found that nano-microplastics caused gill damage, liver oxidative stress, and inflammation-related gene suppression, with effects worsening over time. Evidence indicates that nano-microplastics facilitate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues.
The interaction between microplastics and contaminants has potentially generated new undefined risks on animals and ecosystems, and nano-microplastics are considered to be more harmful than microplastics. This experiment investigated the interactions and effects of nano-microplastics with heavy metals cadmium in hybrid snakehead. Different concentrations of nano-microplastics 80 nm (50 μg/L and 500 μg/L) and Cd (50 μg/L) were used for exposure, and four sampling points were set for 24 h, 48 h, 96 h and clear-48 h. Results indicated that the morphology of gill was altered under the influence of nano-microplastics and cadmium, and the damage was aggravated with time. Nano-microplastics and Cd can cause oxidative damage to fish liver partly by effect the activities of antioxidant enzyme, and significantly suppressed the expressions of genes related to the inflammation (IL-1β and TNF-α) and as well as significantly up-regulated the expression of genes HSP70 and SOD. Additionally, the mRNA levels of MT gene can be speculated that the heavy metal cadmium may accumulated in the body over time. And the concentration of heavy metals will also affect their accumulation in the body. Our study elucidated the nano-microplastics and Cd will increase the impact on environmental and organisms that the nano-microplastics contribute to the bioaccumulation of metals, which served as a new support for study the interaction between environmental contaminants.
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Single and Combined Effects of Microplastics and Cadmium on the Cadmium Accumulation and Biochemical and Immunity of Channa argus
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Researchers investigated the single and combined effects of microplastics and cadmium on juvenile snakehead fish, finding that co-exposure caused greater tissue damage, oxidative stress, and immune disruption than either pollutant alone.
Influence of microplastics on the accumulation and chronic toxic effects of cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics combined with cadmium for three weeks and found that the presence of microplastics significantly increased cadmium accumulation in the liver, gut, and gills. The combined exposure caused greater oxidative damage, tissue inflammation, and disruption of protective gene activity than either pollutant alone. The study demonstrates that microplastics can enhance the toxicity of heavy metals in fish by acting as carriers that increase the body's uptake of harmful substances.
Single and Combined Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Dibutyl Phthalate on Hybrid Snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)
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Researchers studied the individual and combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the chemical plasticizer dibutyl phthalate on a commercially important freshwater fish. The nanoplastics alone inhibited growth and caused liver and intestinal damage, and co-exposure with the plasticizer made these effects worse. The findings suggest that microplastics and the chemicals they carry can have compounding harmful effects on aquatic organisms.
Additive effects of microplastics on accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in male zebrafish
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Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to polyethylene microplastics and cadmium, both individually and in combination, for 21 days. They found that microplastics and cadmium together produced additive toxic effects, increasing cadmium accumulation in fish tissues, altering behavior, and causing more severe organ damage. The study suggests that microplastics in contaminated waterways may worsen the harmful effects of heavy metals on aquatic life.
Liver Damage in Ctenopharyngodon idellus Induced by Nanoplastics and Cadmium Exposure
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Scientists found that when tiny plastic particles (nanoplastics) and the toxic metal cadmium combine in water, they cause much more severe liver damage in fish than either pollutant does alone—weakening the fish's ability to fight inflammation and manage cell damage. Since these pollutants often show up together in real waterways and grass carp are a widely eaten fish, this research suggests we may be underestimating the health risks of combined pollution exposure, both for aquatic life and potentially for the people who rely on these fish as a food source.
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