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The Histopathological and Genetic Effects of Long-Term Treatment with High-Molecular-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride on Various Organs of Young Wistar Rats
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Researchers fed young Wistar rats food containing 1% or 2% polyvinyl chloride for eight weeks, finding histopathological damage to the intestines, liver, kidney, and spleen, along with genetic effects including DNA fragmentation, demonstrating organ-level toxicity of chronic PVC microplastic ingestion.
Microplastic particles with a size of less than 5 mm make up a significant component of the plastic pollution in freshwater and the ocean. This study was designed to investigate the effects of eight-week exposure to high-molecular-weight polyvinyl chloride (HMW-PVC) on young rats. A total of 40 rats were divided into two assay groups of 15 rats (Group 1, Group 2, a total of 30 rats) and a control group of 10 rats. The rats in the first and second assay groups were fed with food containing HMW-PVC at rates of 1 and 2% of their weight, respectively. The control group was fed food without HMW-PVC. The rats’ weights were recorded every 15 days. After eight weeks of feeding, the rats’ intestines, kidneys, and livers were removed and underwent histopathological examinations. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of Cyp3A2, Pepck, and Fasn genes in the liver, UT-A1, UT-A2, renin, and Cyp27B1 genes in the kidney, and Muc2, Fabp2, and PepT1 genes in the intestine were determined by using the RT-PCR technique. Our study revealed that rats exposed to microplastic particles exhibited non-significant weight loss and obvious organ degeneration. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of the examined genes were either elevated or suppressed by regular exposure to high-molecular-weight PVC.
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Intestinal effects of ingested PVC microplastic in Wistar rats
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Researchers fed Wistar rats PVC microplastics and assessed intestinal effects including permeability, colonic morphology, and inflammatory markers. The findings showed that ingested PVC microplastics caused measurable changes in gut integrity and inflammation, contributing evidence for gastrointestinal toxicity.
Toxicological impact of polyvinyl chloride microplastic-contaminated food: Evidence from a mouse model
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Scientists fed mice food contaminated with PVC microplastics (a common plastic found in packaging and pipes) for 13 weeks to see what happens inside the body. At higher doses, the plastic particles damaged the liver, kidneys, and intestines, slowed growth, deformed red blood cells, and weakened the body's natural defense against cell damage—even though the plastic itself mostly stayed in the gut. While this was a mouse study, not a human one, it raises real concerns about what swallowing microplastics in our food might be doing to our bodies over time.
Dose‐Dependent Toxicological Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polystyrene Microplastics on Wistar Albino Rats
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Researchers fed rats PVC and polystyrene microplastics at different doses for eight weeks and observed significant changes including weight loss, elevated blood glucose, increased cholesterol and liver enzymes, and signs of oxidative stress. The study suggests that oral microplastic exposure at these levels can cause dose-dependent toxicological effects across multiple organ systems in mammals.
Kidney and Liver Disorders Due to Microplastic Exposure: Chronic in Vivo Study in Male White Rats
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Male white rats were chronically exposed to microplastics (particles 5 mm or smaller) to assess kidney and liver toxicity, with exposure resulting from environmental weathering and ultraviolet irradiation of plastic materials. The study found measurable histopathological and biochemical damage in both organs, confirming that long-term microplastic exposure causes organ-level injury in mammals.
Exposure to High-molecular-weight Polyvinyl Chloride Alters Bacterial Diversity in the Gut Microbiota of the Wistar Rat
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Researchers exposed Wistar rats to high-molecular-weight polyvinyl chloride microplastics through their diet and measured changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition. PVC microplastic ingestion significantly altered bacterial diversity in the gut microbiome, supporting the hypothesis that microplastic exposure can disrupt intestinal microbial ecology with potential consequences for host health.
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