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Identifikasi Keberadaan Mikroplastik Pada Insang dan Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp) di TPI Belawan
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This study examined microplastics in the gills and digestive tracts of mackerel-type fish from a fish landing site in Belawan, Indonesia, finding plastic particles present in both organs. The results raise concerns about microplastic contamination in commercially important fish and potential human dietary exposure in the region.
Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems that is difficult to deal with because plastic is strong, elastic and durable, making it difficult for nature to decompose. Microplastics are plastic particles <5 mm in size that have been degraded from their initial form over a long period of time. Microplastics can damage aquatic ecosystems and cause death to biota because they inhibit metabolic processes, can transfer harmful chemicals to biota, and so on. This study aims to determine the type, size, color, and abundance of microplastics in the gills and gastrointestinal tract of mackerel. The research method uses descriptive methods to describe a phenomenon that is currently happening and conduct observations and interviews with sellers/fishermen. This study used 30 mackerel fish from the Belawan shelter and were analyzed at the Water Quality and Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Malikussaleh University. The results showed that as many as 84 microplastic particles in the gills were in the form of fibers and dominated by black, and there were 74 microplastic particles found in the gastrointestinal tract in the form of fibers and films with black, blue, red microplastic fibers and transparent gray microplastic film colors. The sizes of the microplastics found varied and were not affected by the length or weight of the fish, gills and gastrointestinal tract. Keywords : Mackerel, gills, microplastics, digestive tract, and plastic waste. ABSTRAK Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu masalah terbesar yang masih sulit untuk ditangani karena plastik bersifat kuat, elastis dan tahan lama sehingga sulit diurai oleh alam. Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran <5 mm dan telah mengalami degradasi dari bentuk awalnya dengan jangka waktu yang lama. Mikroplastik dapat merusak ekosistem perairan dan menyebabkan kematian pada biota karena menghambat proses metabolisme, dapat menstrasfer zat-zat kimia berbahaya pada biota, dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe/jenis, ukuran, warna, dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan kembung. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menggambarkan atau menguraikan suatu fenomena yang sedang terjadi dan melakukan observasi maupun wawancara dengan penjual/nelayan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan ikan kembung sebanyak 30 ekor dari tempat penampungan Belawan dan diteliti di Laboratorium Kualitas Air dan Nutrisi Ikan, Universitas Malikussaleh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 84 partikel mikroplastik di bagian insang dengan bentuk fiber dan didominasi warna hitam, serta ada 74 partikel mikroplastik yang ditemukan di bagian saluran pencernaan dengan bentuk fiber maupun film dengan warna mikroplastik fiber hitam, biru, merah serta warna mikroplastik film abu-abu transparan. Ukuran mikroplastik yang ditemukan berbeda-beda dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh panjang maupun berat ikan, insang dan saluran pencernaan. Kata Kunci : Ikan kembung, Insang, Mikroplastik, Saluran pencernaan, dan Sampah plastik.
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Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger Sp.) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan, Sumatera Utara
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