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Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger Sp.) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan, Sumatera Utara
Summary
Indonesian researchers analyzed microplastics in the digestive tracts of mackerel fish landed at Belawan fishing port, examining both the characteristics of particles and their relationship to fish size. The presence of microplastics in commercially important fish species represents a direct pathway for human dietary exposure.
Mikroplastik di perairan berpotensi masuk ke tubuh biota laut seperti ikan melalui sistem rantai makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik mikroplastik dan menganalisis hubungan antara ukuran ikan dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan (usus dan lambung) ikan kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) yang didaratkan di PPS Belawan. Pengumpulan sampel ikan dilakukan pada Bulan April 2022 dengan membeli 30 ekor ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan. Analisis laboratorium diawali dengan mengukur panjang (cm) dan berat (gr) ikan, melakukan pembedahan saluran pencernaan, destruksi bahan organik dan identifikasi mikroplastik menggunakan mikroskop. Destruksi bahan organik dilakukan dengan menambahkan larutan H2O2 30% pada saluran pencernaan yang sebelumnya telah ditimbang berat keringnya dengan perbandingan 1:20, kemudian diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Tiga jenis mikroplastik ditemukan di seluruh sampel saluran pencernaan dengan dominansi jenis film (54 %), diikuti oleh fragmen (33 %) dan fiber (13 %). Diantara jenis mikroplastik, film merupakan jenis mikroplastik yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu 2,30±1,30 partikel/gr. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ukuran ikan memiliki hubungan yang rendah dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan ikan. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan kebiasaan makan ikan, makanan ikan, ukuran mulut dan tingkat pencemaran perairan yang berbeda. Microplastic in the waters has the potential to enter the bodies of marine biota such as fish through the food chain system, either directly or indirectly. This study aims to identify the characteristics of microplastics and to analyse the relationship between fish size and the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) landed at Belawan Ocean Fishery Port. The collection of fish samples was carried out in April 2022 by purchasing 30 fish caught by fishermen. Laboratory analysis begins with measuring the length (cm) and weight (g) of the fish, performing digestive tract dissection, destroying organic matter and identifying microplastics using a microscope. Destruction of organic matter was carried out by adding a 30% H2O2 solution to the digestive tract which had previously been weighed dry weight with a ratio of 1:20, then incubated for 24 hours. Three types of microplastics were found in all samples of the digestive tract with the dominance of films (54%), followed by fragments (33%) and fiber (13%). Among the types of microplastics, film is the type of microplastic which has the highest abundance (2.30 ± 1.30 particles/gr). This study found that fish size has a low relationship with the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of fish. This can be attributed to the eating habits of fish, fish food, mouth size and different levels of water pollution.