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Effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on earthworm Eisenia andrei in two generations

Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics 2025 Score: 48 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Darina Dvořáková, Venla Forsell, Venla Forsell, Venla Forsell, Salla Selonen, Vili Saartama, Salla Selonen, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Venla Forsell, Venla Forsell, Venla Forsell, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Salla Selonen, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Julia Talvitie, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Vili Saartama, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Vili Saartama, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Chiara Consolaro, Gabriela Kalčíková, Chiara Consolaro, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Darina Dvořáková, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Darina Dvořáková, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Julia Talvitie, Salla Selonen, Gabriela Kalčíková, Salla Selonen, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Rachel Hurley Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Vili Saartama, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Rachel Hurley Julia Talvitie, Gabriela Kalčíková, Julia Talvitie, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Vili Saartama, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Darina Dvořáková, Vili Saartama, Jana Pulkrabova, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Salla Selonen, Rachel Hurley Vili Saartama, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Julia Talvitie, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Julia Talvitie, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Jana Pulkrabova, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Salla Selonen, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Venla Forsell, Jari Haimi, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Venla Forsell, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Salla Selonen, Rachel Hurley Julia Talvitie, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Gabriela Kalčíková, Julia Talvitie, Gabriela Kalčíková, Julia Talvitie, Darina Dvořáková, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Jari Haimi, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Julia Talvitie, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Julia Talvitie, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Julia Talvitie, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Salla Selonen, Julia Talvitie, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Darina Dvořáková, Darina Dvořáková, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Darina Dvořáková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Chiara Consolaro, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Julia Talvitie, Chiara Consolaro, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Rachel Hurley Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Jana Pulkrabova, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Chiara Consolaro, Rachel Hurley Chiara Consolaro, Jana Pulkrabova, Chiara Consolaro, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Julia Talvitie, Julia Talvitie, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Gabriela Kalčíková, Jana Pulkrabova, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Jana Pulkrabova, Gabriela Kalčíková, Salla Selonen, Jari Haimi, Salla Selonen, Gabriela Kalčíková, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Vili Saartama, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Vili Saartama, Rachel Hurley Gabriela Kalčíková, Rachel Hurley Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris, Salla Selonen, Rachel Hurley

Summary

Researchers exposed earthworms (Eisenia andrei) to conventional polyethylene and biodegradable PBAT mulching film microplastics across two generations (7 months) and found that both types caused reproductive and growth effects, with impacts accumulating across generations under environmentally relevant concentrations.

Polymers

Body Systems

Reproductive

Models

Invertebrate other

Mulching films, used in agriculture, can act as a source of microplastics (MPs) and plastic additives in soils. Due to the persistence of conventional mulching films and the repeated use of biodegradable films, soil organisms are exposed to MPs generation after generation. To study the long-term effects of MPs on functionally important soil invertebrates, we exposed earthworm Eisenia andrei in two generations (7 months) to MPs made of conventional polyethylene (PE-MP) and biodegradable blend of starch and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT-BD-MP) mulching film materials at concentrations ranging from 0.005 % to 5 %. In the first generation, earthworms exposed to the PE-MP and PBAT-BD-MP at concentrations higher than 0.1 % grew faster compared to the control, but reproduction was not affected. In the second generation, PE-MP decreased reproduction at 5 % and growth in all concentrations, while PBAT-BD-MP increased reproduction and growth at 5 % concentration. The total energy reserves were not affected, but the activity of electron transport system (ETS) decreased at 0.5–5 % concentrations of PBAT-BD-MP in the second generation. The number of ingested MPs increased with increasing exposure concentration. In addition, the soil water holding capacity (WHC) increased and pH value decreased. Our results highlight the long-term ecological risks of microplastics in agricultural soils. • Little is known about the effects of biodegradable microplastics on soil biota. • Responses of E.Andrei to biodegradable and conventional MP exposure were studied. • Second generation earthworms were more sensitive to microplastic exposure. • Different microplastics had different effects on earthworms.

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