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Contaminación por vertidos de aguas residuales: Una revisión de las interacciones microorganismos–microplásticos y sus posibles riesgos ambientales en aguas costeras colombianas
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This review examines wastewater discharge contamination in Colombian coastal waters, documenting fecal coliform concentrations up to 704,000 NMP/100 mL at 128 monitoring stations and analyzing 84 studies on microorganism-microplastic interactions, highlighting how plastic surfaces facilitate pathogen transport and antibiotic resistance gene spread in marine environments.
Los vertidos de aguas residuales en los ecosistemas acuáticos son fuente de microplásticos y microorganismos patógenos, que afectan la calidad ambiental y representan un riesgo para la biodiversidad y la salud humana. Los objetivos de esta revisión fueron: (i) analizar los impactos de los vertimientos de aguas residuales sobre la calidad sanitaria de aguas costeras de Colombia, y (ii) examinar los posibles riesgos ambientales de las interacciones entre microorganismos–microplásticos. Durante el 2021, en el marco del monitoreo ambiental marino de Colombia se midieron los coliformes termotolerantes–CTE y los enterococos fecales–EFE en muestras de agua marina superficial en 128 estaciones, registrándose concentraciones de 2–704 000 NMP de CTE/100 mL y de 1–3360 UFC de EFE/100 mL. Los municipios con mayor impacto sobre la calidad sanitaria del agua marina fueron Santa Marta (Caribe) y Tumaco (Pacífico). En relación con lo anterior, se revisaron 84 documentos sobre contaminación microbiológica e interacciones microorganismos–microplásticos en aguas costeras publicados entre 2005 y febrero/2021, examinando aspectos metodológicos, grupos microbianos más comunes, interacciones microorganismos–microplásticos y sus riesgos ambientales. En Colombia existen riesgos asociados a la contaminación microbiológica y por microplásticos en las aguas costeras que requieren atención. Es necesario mejorar la gestión de residuos; la investigación/monitoreo de las comunidades microbianas, sus genes de resistencia/virulencia; y las interacciones de dichas comunidades con los microplásticos y otros organismos comercialmente importantes.
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This review examines bioremediation strategies for removing microplastics from aquatic ecosystems, analyzing how bacteria, fungi, and higher organisms can degrade fossil-derived, non-biodegradable plastic particles, and summarizing recent advances in using living organisms to mitigate the growing environmental impact of microplastic pollution in water bodies.
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This review examined wastewater as a primary pathway for microplastic entry into the environment, assessing the fate of particles through treatment systems and the ecological and health risks they pose to biota after discharge. Wastewater effluent and biosolid land application together represent two of the most direct routes by which MNPs reach agricultural soils and drinking water sources, making treatment plant performance central to human exposure reduction.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.