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Astaxanthin protects tilapia head kidney cells against polystyrene microplastics-induced inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways
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Polystyrene Microplastics Disrupt Anticancer Proteins: An In Silico and In Vitro Study
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Molecular docking and cell culture experiments showed that polystyrene microplastics act as competitive inhibitors of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 — proteins central to anticancer signaling — and bind strongly to complement immune regulators Factor H and Factor I, while also inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon and breast cancer cell lines. These findings suggest microplastic exposure may interfere with the body's own cancer-suppression and immune regulatory mechanisms at the molecular level.
Dietary chitosan reversed the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) liver by inhibiting mitochondrial damage
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Dietary chitosan supplementation reversed polystyrene microplastic-induced liver damage in Nile tilapia by inhibiting mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways after two weeks of exposure. This demonstrates a potential dietary intervention for mitigating microplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms, with implications for understanding protective strategies against plastic-related biological harm.
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Researchers investigated whether astaxanthin, a natural pigment from microalgae, could protect carp immune cells from damage caused by polystyrene microplastics. They found that astaxanthin reduced inflammation and cell death triggered by microplastics by helping maintain calcium balance within the cells' mitochondria. The study suggests that natural antioxidant compounds may help mitigate some of the harmful immune effects of microplastic exposure in fish.
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Researchers reviewed human exposure pathways to microplastics and nanoplastics through seafood, salt, drinking water, inhalation, and skin contact, examining how these particles cross biological barriers to reach organs and trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption with poorly understood long-term consequences.
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