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Ingestion of Microplastics Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastic Water Contaminants by Xenopus Laevis Tadpoles Negatively Affects Their Resistance to Ranavirus Infection and Antiviral Immunity
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Ingestion of polyethylene terephthalate microplastic water contaminants by Xenopus laevis tadpoles negatively affects their resistance to ranavirus infection and antiviral immunity
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Tadpoles exposed to PET microplastics, the type of plastic found in water bottles, accumulated the particles in their intestines, liver, and kidneys within days. Even at low concentrations, the microplastics weakened the tadpoles' immune defenses, making them significantly more vulnerable to viral infection. While this is an animal study, it raises concerns that microplastic exposure could similarly compromise immune function in other organisms, including humans.
Persistent Effects of Naturally Aged Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics on Physalaemus cuvieri Tadpoles: The Toxic Legacy Beyond Exposure
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Researchers exposed Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles to naturally aged PET microplastics and found that toxic effects — including elevated oxidative stress, disrupted dopamine levels, and altered enzyme activity — persisted after exposure ended, demonstrating a cumulative legacy effect where damage from microplastic ingestion continues even after the pollutant is removed.
Ecotoxicological and Risk Assessment Perspectives of Micro(nano)plastic Pollution in Aquatic Organisms with Emphasis in Amphibians
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This ecotoxicological review synthesized evidence on microplastic and nanoplastic uptake, accumulation, and adverse effects in freshwater vertebrates and invertebrates, with particular focus on amphibians, documenting disruptions to reproduction, development, and immune function at environmentally relevant concentrations. Amphibians serve as sensitive ecological sentinels whose population declines from microplastic exposure signal broader ecosystem dysfunction that can propagate through food webs to affect the fish, birds, and mammals — including humans — that depend on healthy freshwater systems.
Impact of Microplastics on Reproductive and Physiological Aspects of Aquatic Inhabitants
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Researchers reviewed how microplastic exposure affects reproduction and physiology in freshwater aquatic organisms, finding that plastic particles disrupt hormonal signaling, reduce fertility, and impair development across a range of sensitive freshwater species.
Immunological impacts of exposure to microplastic water contaminants during early development in Xenopus 2357
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Researchers used Xenopus frogs—whose immune system parallels key human features—to study how early developmental microplastic exposure affects immune system development, finding disruption of both innate and adaptive immune components with potential relevance to human susceptibility to infection.
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