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A Connection Between the Gut Microbiome and Epigenetic Modification in Age-Related Cancer: A Narrative Review

Aging and Disease 2024 5 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Florida Owens, Joseph Souchak, Valeria Nazaire, Juliet Akkaoui, Rajib Shil, Candy Carbajal, Kingshuk Panda, David Caraballo Delgado, Inge Claassen, Santiago Moreno, Samantha Yi, Yishu Dong, Nirbachita Adrita, Lee-Seng Lau, Nazira El‐Hage

Summary

This review explores how age-related changes in the gut microbiome can influence cancer development through epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone alterations. Researchers found that the gut microbiome plays a dual role, both protecting against and potentially contributing to cancer susceptibility as people age. The study suggests that targeted interventions to maintain a healthy gut microbiome could be a strategy for reducing age-related cancer risk.

Body Systems
Models

As individuals age, physiological changes influence the composition and function of the gut microbiome, significantly impacting the onset and progression of various illnesses, including cancer. Notably, the gut microbiome affects epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone alterations. Furthermore, it contributes to the age-related decline in immune system efficiency, increasing susceptibility to infections and cancers. This dual role of the gut microbiome-both a protective factor and a risk factor-is a key aspect of its importance in maintaining long-term health, making it a significant topic of discussion in this review. Moreover, a challenge faced by the elderly is the concurrent use of multiple medications. Polypharmacy can interact with the gut microbiome, potentially altering its efficacy, leading to adverse drug reactions, and affecting vital microbiome diversity. The effects of these interactions on cancer therapies and the overall health of elderly patients are becoming increasingly important. Understanding the complex relationship between aging, the gut microbiome, cancer, and polypharmacy is crucial for developing more effective therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding age-related physiological changes in the microbiome and their significance in cancer development and therapy. Specifically, we will explor how epigenetic changes acquired during aging, along with ongoing prescriptions of multiple medications and the decline of immune function, contribute to the intricate relationship between aging and cancer.

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