Probiotic-mediated protection: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus counters intestinal toxicity of polystyrene microplastics

Hydrogen micro-nano bubbles mitigate polystyrene microplastics-induced toxicity through gut microbiota composition and metabolic functions

Impact of Micro-nanoplastics on Gut and Immune Function

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This review examined how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt gut microbiota and immune function across aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, with implications for human health. Because the gut microbiome governs immune regulation and metabolic health, microplastic-induced dysbiosis represents a plausible mechanism by which plastic ingestion could drive systemic inflammation and disease beyond the GI tract.

Evaluation of intestinal toxicity of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics using intestinal organoids

Gut microbiome alterations associated with microplastics: Underestimated risk from tiny particle

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This review pulls together existing research showing that tiny plastic particles, found in our food, water, and even air, can disrupt the balance of bacteria living in our gut, and this disruption has been linked to problems ranging from digestive diseases to effects on the brain, liver, and reproductive system in animal studies. The catch: scientists still struggle to accurately detect and measure these particles in the body, meaning our real-world exposure and its health effects are likely underestimated. Bottom line, microplastics may be quietly messing with your gut health in ways we're only beginning to understand and measure.

Impact of microplastics on the intestinal microbiota: A systematic review of preclinical evidence

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Across 28 preclinical studies, microplastics triggered intestinal dysbiosis characterized by increased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes, while increasing gut permeability and elevating pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6.