Microplastics and Bisphenol a Co-Exposure Causes Oxidative Damage and Induces Ion Regulation Disorders in the Gills of Portunus Trituberculatus

Physiological Alterations and Immune Modulation in Fish Exposed to Microplastics

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Researchers reviewed the physiological and immunological effects of microplastic exposure in fish, finding that these particles smaller than 5 mm induce a range of biological disruptions including immune modulation, oxidative stress, and systemic health impacts with broader implications for aquatic ecosystem integrity.

Multi-omics analysis reveals polyethylene microplastics-induced gill damage, metabolic disruption and immune dysregulation in Lateolabrax maculatus

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Researchers exposed spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) to dietary polyethylene microplastics and found that even moderate concentrations caused gill tissue damage, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation by disrupting energy metabolism and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, with most effects showing partial recovery after a 14-day depuration period.

Polyethylene Microplastics Induce Concentration- and Time-Dependent Hematophysiological Impairment and Oxidative Stress Following Tissue Accumulation in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus Fasciatus)

Impact of Microplastics and Nanomaterials on Fish Health: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

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Researchers review how exposure to microplastics, pesticides, and nanoparticles triggers oxidative stress in fish by generating reactive oxygen species, and examine how fish antioxidant defense mechanisms respond to these combined environmental stressors with implications for seafood safety and aquatic health.

Ecotoxicological Consequences of Microplastics in Aquatic Life

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Researchers reviewed how microplastics — tiny plastic particles under 5mm — harm aquatic ecosystems, documenting that fish, invertebrates, and other marine life can ingest them, leading to physical damage, toxic chemical exposure, and disruptions to feeding and reproduction.