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Micro- and Nanoplastics: Hidden Environmental Catalysts of Antimicrobial Resistance

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2026
*Kiran1, Komal2, Prashant Kumar Pappu2, Nisha3

Summary

Tiny plastic bits called microplastics and nanoplastics—broken down from everyday plastic waste by sun, weather, and bacteria—have spread throughout our water, soil, and air. This review paper highlights growing concern that these particles may act as breeding grounds for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, meaning they could help "superbugs" develop and spread more easily in the environment. Since antibiotic resistance already makes some infections harder to treat, understanding this hidden link between plastic pollution and drug-resistant germs matters for protecting public health going forward.

Plastics have become an essential part of modern life due to their durability, flexibility, and low production cost. Since the beginning of large-scale plastic production in the 1950s, global plastic manufacturing has increased dramatically. Over time, environmental processes such as photo-oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, mechanical abrasion, and microbial activity break large plastic debris into smaller particles. These fragments are classified as microplastics (<5 mm) and nanoplastics (<100 nm). Because of their small size and large surface area, these particles are easily transported through water, soil, and air, making them widespread contaminants in both natural and human-made environments.

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