Mitophagy Activation by Wild Ginseng Saponins Improved Polystyrene Nanoplastics Caused Intestinal injury in Caenorhabditis elegans

Evaluation of intestinal toxicity of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics using intestinal organoids

The Toxicity of (Nano)Microplastics on C. elegans and Its Mechanisms

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Researchers reviewed the toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, finding that these particles cause oxidative stress, reproductive impairment, developmental delays, and neurological dysfunction, with nanoplastics generally more toxic than microplastics due to their greater cellular penetration.

Cellular and Animal Toxicities of Micro- and Nanoplastics

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Researchers reviewed evidence from cell and animal studies on the toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics, finding that these particles can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and organ damage in laboratory models, raising concern about what chronic low-level human exposure might mean for long-term health.

Impact of Micro-nanoplastics on Gut and Immune Function

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This review examined how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt gut microbiota and immune function across aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, with implications for human health. Because the gut microbiome governs immune regulation and metabolic health, microplastic-induced dysbiosis represents a plausible mechanism by which plastic ingestion could drive systemic inflammation and disease beyond the GI tract.

Cellular Uptake and Nuclear Accumulation of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in 3T3 Fibroblasts and Hepatocytes of Rattus norvegicus

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Scientists found that tiny plastic particles called nanoplastics can get inside liver and connective tissue cells from rats, and even sneak into the cell's nucleus, where DNA is stored. Cells exposed to these plastics showed signs of stress and damage, including swelling and higher rates of cell death, suggesting these ultra-small plastic particles may be more harmful than previously thought. While this study used animal cells rather than human cells, it raises important questions about what everyday exposure to nanoplastics (found in food packaging, water, and other sources) might mean for our own cellular health.