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Plastic pollution and antimicrobial resistance: an emerging link with major implications

Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2026
Zhi Mei, Erika A. Rodríguez, José Luís Balcázar

Summary

Tiny bits of plastic in our environment aren't just pollution—they may also be creating breeding grounds where bacteria swap genes that make them resistant to antibiotics. This paper (a review of existing research) argues that these "plastic hotspots" are being ignored by current efforts to track and fight drug-resistant germs, even though they could be helping antibiotic resistance spread faster through water, soil, and eventually into humans and animals. The takeaway: tackling plastic pollution and antibiotic resistance may need to become a joint effort, not two separate problems.

Plastic pollution and antimicrobial resistance are increasingly interconnected global threats. Micro- and nanoplastics create ecological hotspots that enhance microbial interactions and horizontal gene transfer, facilitating antimicrobial resistance dissemination. Here, we argue that the plastisphere acts as an evolutionary interface that reshapes microbial adaptation and resistome dynamics across ecosystems. Current antimicrobial resistance surveillance frameworks largely overlook the contribution of plastic pollution, highlighting the need to integrate plastisphere-mediated processes into One Health and environmental risk assessment strategies.

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