Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Natural Alternatives to Plastic Wrappers in Disposal of Sanitary Pads: a Review

This review discusses how plastic-heavy disposable sanitary pads contribute to microplastic pollution and environmental waste, and evaluates natural material alternatives including cotton, bamboo, and plant-based polymers that could reduce the environmental footprint of menstrual hygiene products.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

PLA-Chitosan Composites as Sustainable Alternatives for Menstrual Pads

Researchers developed biodegradable PLA-chitosan composite films as an environmentally friendly alternative to polyethylene in menstrual pads, demonstrating that the composite maintained absorbency and mechanical integrity while offering antimicrobial properties and full biodegradability.

2025 Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology
Article Tier 2

Natural Alternatives to Plastic Wrappers in Disposal of Sanitary Pads: a Review

This review examines the environmental impact of plastic components in disposable sanitary pads—which can contain up to 90% plastic—and proposes natural biodegradable alternatives such as bamboo fiber, jute, and plant-based coatings to reduce microplastic pollution from menstrual products.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Porous Thermoformed Protein Bioblends as Degradable Absorbent Alternatives in Sanitary Materials

This study demonstrates that biodegradable protein-based foams made from industrial byproduct proteins (zein and gluten) can be processed into absorbent pads and films that perform like conventional disposable sanitary products — without the plastic components that shed microplastics. By replacing nonbiodegradable polymer layers in diapers and pads with compostable biopolymers, this approach could cut a major but underappreciated source of microplastic pollution.

2023 ACS Applied Polymer Materials 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Reusable Sanitary Pad

Researchers developed and tested a reusable sanitary pad with wings composed of individually designed fabric layers as a sustainable alternative to disposable single-use pads. Testing demonstrated acceptable performance across drying time, pilling resistance, tensile strength, water vapor resistance, and air permeability, supporting reusable pads as an environmentally preferable option given that disposable pads typically end up in landfills or are incinerated.

2022 Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Phytoremediation of microplastics by water hyacinth

Researchers found that water hyacinth, a fast-growing floating plant, can remove 55-69% of microplastics from contaminated water within 48 hours through root adsorption. The plant's massive root surface area traps plastic particles, while a special structure in the stem prevents the plastics from reaching the leaves. This study offers a promising natural, low-cost approach to cleaning microplastics from waterways.

2025 Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Disposal of Sanitary Pads

This paper discusses the environmental and public health challenges posed by improper sanitary pad disposal, highlighting that conventional pads release microplastics and toxins as they degrade. The authors advocate for incineration and biodegradable alternatives as solutions.

2024 International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
Article Tier 2

Biodegradability and Water Absorption of Macadamia Nutshell Powder-Reinforced Poly(lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Researchers studied biodegradable composites made from macadamia nutshell powder and polylactic acid to assess their breakdown and water absorption properties. The study found that increasing the nutshell powder content generally improved biodegradability but also increased water absorption. Evidence indicates that these plant-based biocomposites show promise as more sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics, though their properties vary with processing methods.

2024 Sustainability 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Water hyacinth-inspired self-floating photocatalytic system for efficient and sustainable water purification

Researchers developed a floating water purification device inspired by the water hyacinth plant, combining a buoyant porous structure with a light-activated photocatalyst to break down pollutants. The device effectively degraded various contaminants including dyes, antibiotics, and microplastics using only sunlight, while remaining stable in both still and flowing water. The study demonstrates a practical, sustainable approach to water cleanup that works without chemicals or external energy sources.

2025 npj Clean Water 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradable fabric with efficient thermal-wet management for eco-friendly weed control and water retention of soil

Researchers developed an eco-friendly weed control fabric from jute fiber as a sustainable alternative to plastic-based ground covers that shed microplastics into soil. By adjusting the fabric density and porosity, they controlled how much sunlight and water could pass through, effectively suppressing weed growth while reducing water evaporation. The biodegradable jute fabric avoids the microplastic contamination problems associated with conventional synthetic weed barriers.

2025 Industrial Crops and Products 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Loofah plant—Derived biodegradable superhydrophobic sponge for effective removal of oil and microplastic from water

Researchers developed biodegradable superhydrophobic sponges from loofah plants coated with natural wax that removed over 99% of oil and polystyrene microplastics from water, with high absorption capacity and excellent recyclability through simple squeezing.

2023 Environmental Technology & Innovation 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Sustainable Biodegradable Biocomposites Reinforced With Natural Fibers: A Review on Processing, Properties, and Degradation

As concern grows about plastic waste and microplastic pollution from synthetic polymers, this review examines biodegradable biocomposites reinforced with natural plant fibers as a more sustainable alternative. The authors find that these materials can match or exceed the mechanical performance of conventional plastics while actually degrading in the environment — but note a critical gap: lab biodegradation tests often do not reflect real-world conditions, creating uncertainty about how quickly these materials actually break down. Better standardized testing and lifecycle analysis are needed to confirm whether natural fiber biocomposites can genuinely replace conventional plastics at industrial scale.

2026 Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Article Tier 2

Stability Studies, Biodegradation Tests, and Mechanical Properties of Sodium Alginate and Gellan Gum Beads Containing Surfactant

Researchers developed sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose composite films as biodegradable alternatives to conventional wet wipes, evaluating their stability, mechanical properties, and biodegradation behavior to address the plastic waste problem from single-use hygiene products.

2023 Polymers 27 citations
Article Tier 2

New Method of Fabricating Carbon Materials via Uptake of Nanoplastics into Eichhornia crassipes for Enhancing Supercapacitance

Researchers used water hyacinth plants that had absorbed polystyrene nanoplastics as a raw material to produce high-performance carbon electrodes for energy storage. While the study is primarily about materials engineering, it demonstrates a novel approach to removing nanoplastics from water using plants and converting the contaminated biomass into a useful product, potentially addressing two environmental problems at once.

2023 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Fabrication of Biodegradable Materials Using Sodium Alginate and Tamarind Seed Powder

Researchers developed biodegradable biofilms for textile applications by combining sodium alginate with tamarind seed powder and natural flower extracts — hibiscus for pH sensitivity, marigold for UV protection, and rose for antioxidant activity — creating sustainable fabric alternatives that avoid microplastic pollution associated with synthetic fabrics persisting in landfills for centuries.

2025 Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government
Article Tier 2

Planstic: Biodegradable Plastic with High-Entropy Fibers Made from Waste Plastic and Plant Leaves

Researchers created "Planstic," a biodegradable material made from fallen plant leaves combined with waste plastic, using 3D printing to control its structure. The material degrades completely within 8 weeks in soil, leaving behind very few microplastic particles, making it a promising eco-friendly alternative to conventional plastics.

2021 ACS Applied Polymer Materials 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing the biodegradability of microparticles disposed down the drain

This study tested the biodegradability of microparticles made from natural and biodegradable materials proposed as alternatives to synthetic microplastic particles in personal care products, finding that they broke down efficiently under standard conditions. The results support the use of naturally derived microparticles as safer substitutes for plastic microbeads in cosmetics.

2017 Chemosphere 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of conventional and biobased microplastics from mulch films on soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and water retention in two different soil types under wetting−drying cycles

Researchers ran an 8-month greenhouse experiment and found that conventional plastic microplastics had little effect on soil density or drainage, but biodegradable starch-based microplastics at high concentrations increased water availability by about 5% in sandy loam soil, showing that even "eco-friendly" plastics can alter soil water dynamics.

2025 Results in Engineering 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Hi̇jyeni̇k Pedleri̇n Ci̇lt Tabakasina Uygun Dokusuz Yüzeyleri̇n Konfor Bi̇leşenleri̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

This study evaluated the comfort and functional properties of nonwoven fabrics containing viscose, viscose/polyester blends, and Tencel for use as the skin-contact top layer in sanitary pads. As single-use hygiene products are a significant source of plastic waste, understanding performance trade-offs is relevant to developing lower-impact alternatives.

2023 Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi
Article Tier 2

A progress update on the biological effects of biodegradable microplastics on soil and ocean environment: A perfect substitute or new threat?

This review examines whether biodegradable plastics, often marketed as eco-friendly alternatives, actually break down safely in the environment. The evidence shows that biodegradable plastics often fragment into microplastics rather than fully decomposing, and these biodegradable microplastics can harm soil organisms, marine life, and disrupt nutrient cycles. The findings suggest that simply switching to biodegradable plastics may not solve the microplastic pollution problem and could introduce new environmental risks.

2024 Environmental Research 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Bio-based materials from Po River organic waste: a Do It Yourself design.

Italian researchers explored how aquatic plant biomass from an invasive water plant in the Po River could be converted into bio-based materials as an alternative to fossil-based plastics. Lab experiments yielded 31 different material prototypes, with some showing promising properties for applications in footwear and other industries.

2023
Article Tier 2

Superabsorbent Polymers: From long-established, microplastics generating systems, to sustainable, biodegradable and future proof alternatives

This review examined how conventional acrylate-based superabsorbent polymers generate microplastics due to their non-biodegradable nature, and assessed emerging biodegradable alternatives that could provide sustainable, future-proof replacements for hygiene and agricultural applications.

2021 Progress in Polymer Science 183 citations
Article Tier 2

Performance Spectrum of Home-Compostable Biopolymer Fibers Compared to a Petrochemical Alternative

Researchers compared home-compostable biopolymer fibers to conventional petrochemical alternatives, evaluating their mechanical performance and degradability to assess whether biobased materials can serve as viable substitutes that reduce microplastic pollution.

2023 Polymers 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation behavior and environmental impacts of a hemp-containing “eco-friendly” compostable plastic in natural environments

Researchers conducted a field experiment exposing hemp fiber-containing 'compostable plastic' to sandy clay soil and river water for up to 33 weeks to assess its degradation behavior in natural environments. Analyses using electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, XRD, and FTIR showed that the material did not fully degrade under natural conditions within the study period, raising questions about its environmental claims.

2025 Waste Management