Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Understanding and Mitigating the Toxic Impacts of Microplastic Pollution on Environmental Health

This review covers the sources, types, and ecological impacts of microplastics as environmental contaminants, examining how polymer-specific properties such as chemical additives affect toxicity across ecosystems and discussing mitigation approaches including physical and chemical remediation.

2025 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND BIO-SCIENCE
Review Tier 2

Contribution of chemical toxicity to the overall toxicity of microplastic particles: A review

This review examines how the chemical toxicity of microplastics, from leached additives and absorbed pollutants, contributes to their overall harmful effects beyond just physical damage. Over 16,000 chemicals are used in plastic manufacturing, many of which can leach out and cause harm to living organisms at environmentally realistic concentrations. The findings suggest that the chemical cocktail carried by microplastics may be just as important as their physical presence when assessing health risks.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Les additifs issus des microplastiques : caractérisation, lixiviation et impacts

This review characterizes plastic additives leaching from microplastics into the environment, examining their physicochemical properties, leaching behavior, and biological impacts, and surveying the growing evidence that many plastic additives are toxic to organisms including marine wildlife and humans.

2022 theses.fr (ABES)
Article Tier 2

Plastic additives and microplastics as emerging contaminants: Mechanisms and analytical assessment

Researchers reviewed how chemical additives mixed into plastics during manufacturing — including stabilizers, flame retardants, and plasticizers — can leach out throughout a plastic's lifecycle and pose risks to ecosystems and human health, with microplastics acting as carriers that concentrate and transport these hazardous chemicals.

2022 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 194 citations
Review Tier 2

Emerging and legacy plasticisers in coastal and estuarine environments: A review

This review examined the occurrence and fate of legacy and emerging plasticizers in coastal and estuarine environments, highlighting the chemical risks posed by these plastic additives beyond the physical effects of microplastics themselves.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecological Impacts of Microplastics and Their Additives

This comprehensive review examines how microplastics and their chemical additives cause ecological harm, covering exposure risks, toxicity pathways, and the transport of persistent toxic substances through ecosystems. Microplastics act as carriers for harmful chemicals that can accumulate in organisms and travel up the food chain toward humans. The review emphasizes that understanding the full life cycle of microplastics, from production to environmental breakdown, is essential for assessing risks to both ecosystems and human health.

2025 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Risk assessment of harmful types of plastics in the marine environment

This risk assessment evaluated the chemical hazards posed by residual additives and degradation products in seven types of microplastic particles found in the marine environment. The report identifies specific polymer types that pose the greatest risk to marine organisms through chemical leaching.

2019 Research Portal (King's College London) 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in marine organism: Environmental and toxicological effects

This review examined microplastics as a complex mixture of polymers, additives, and adsorbed environmental contaminants, and assessed their toxicological effects on marine organisms from ingestion and internal distribution. The authors emphasize that microplastic harm comes not only from the plastic itself but from the chemical cocktail it carries, and review the growing evidence for food web transfer.

2018 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 756 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods of analysing chemicals associated with microplastics: a review

This review surveys analytical methods used to identify and quantify chemicals associated with marine microplastics, covering extraction techniques, spectroscopic approaches, and the challenges of characterizing the complex mixture of polymer additives and adsorbed contaminants.

2017 Analytical Methods 111 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding Interface Exchanges for Assessing Environmental Sorption of Additives from Microplastics: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

This review examines how chemical additives move between microplastics and the surrounding environment, including water, soil, and living organisms. The study highlights the complexity of these interactions and emphasizes that understanding how microplastics absorb and release chemicals is essential for properly assessing their environmental and health risks.

2024 Molecules 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Additives and polymer composition influence the interaction of microplastics with xenobiotics

This study examined how chemical additives and structural composition of microplastics affect how they absorb environmental contaminants. Polymer additives significantly influence which toxic chemicals stick to microplastic surfaces, affecting how contaminants move through ecosystems.

2021 Environmental Chemistry 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecological and toxicological manifestations of microplastics: current scenario, research gaps, and possible alleviation measures

This review examines the ecological and toxicological effects of microplastics and their associated contaminants across aquatic and terrestrial environments, identifying key knowledge gaps and potential mitigation strategies. The authors emphasize that both physical particle effects and co-transported chemical pollutants pose compounding risks to wildlife and ecosystems.

2020 Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Residual additives in marine microplastics and their risk assessment – A critical review

This review examines the chemical additives found in marine microplastics, including flame retardants, plasticizers, and UV stabilizers, and assesses the risks they may pose to ocean ecosystems. Researchers found that while the transfer of some chemicals from ingested plastics to organisms has been demonstrated, results on actual bioaccumulation are inconclusive. The study suggests that current risk assessment approaches may be inadequate given the sheer number of chemicals associated with marine plastic particles.

2022 Marine Pollution Bulletin 112 citations
Article Tier 2

Estimating the Mass of Chemicals Associated with Ocean Plastic Pollution to Inform Mitigation Efforts

Researchers estimated the mass of chemicals associated with ocean plastic pollution—including plastic additives that leach out and pollutants that adsorb onto plastic surfaces. The total chemical burden from ocean plastics is substantial, adding a chemical pollution dimension to the physical microplastic problem.

2019 Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 62 citations
Article Tier 2

A Review of Microplastics Risk Assessment in the Coastal Environment

This review examines the risk of microplastic pollution in coastal and marine environments, covering how microplastics transfer from land to sea, enter food chains, and pose combined toxic risks to marine life and human health. Chemical degradation processes like tire abrasion are identified as major sources of microplastics in coastal ecosystems.

2021 Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in Water System: A Review of Their Impact on Environment, Current Perspective and Future Direction

This review highlights hazardous chemicals associated with micro- and nanoplastics, including plastic additives and absorbed environmental pollutants, and their potential health risks after entering the food chain. It frames microplastics as markers of a new geological era and calls for improved monitoring and regulation of plastic-associated toxicants.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in Water System: A Review of Their Impact on Environment, Current Perspective and Future Direction

This review highlights hazardous chemicals associated with micro- and nanoplastics, including plastic additives and absorbed environmental pollutants, and their potential health risks after entering the food chain. It frames microplastics as markers of a new geological era and calls for improved monitoring and regulation of plastic-associated toxicants.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Leaching of microplastic-associated additives in aquatic environments: A critical review

This review examined how microplastic-associated chemical additives leach into aquatic environments, summarizing recent advances in understanding release kinetics, phase equilibrium between microplastics and water, and the environmental and health risks posed by organic additives and heavy metals.

2022 Environmental Pollution 181 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the environment: Recent developments in characteristic, occurrence, identification and ecological risk

This review provides a comprehensive overview of microplastic pollution across oceans, freshwater, soil, and the atmosphere, examining their sources, movement patterns, and ecological risks. Researchers found that while coastal environments have been well studied, much less is known about microplastic contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. The study synthesizes data on microplastic toxicity, bioaccumulation in organisms, and environmental fate to support better risk assessment.

2022 Chemosphere 115 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxic effects of microplastics and contaminated microplastics – Emerging evidence and perspective

This review examined the ecotoxic effects of microplastics alone and when contaminated with other environmental pollutants. Researchers analyzed how microplastics' small size, surface properties, and hydrophobicity contribute to their environmental persistence and tendency to bind other contaminants. The study suggests that contaminated microplastics may pose greater ecological risks than pristine particles due to combined toxic effects.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 45 citations
Article Tier 2

Release of additives and non-intentionally added substances from microplastics under environmentally relevant conditions

Researchers measured how chemical additives leach out of different types of microplastics under realistic environmental conditions and found wildly different release rates — spanning five orders of magnitude over 64 days — highlighting that the type of plastic matters greatly when assessing the chemical risks microplastics pose to ecosystems.

2023 Environmental Advances 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluating nano- and microplastic particles as vectors of exposure for plastic additive chemicals using a food web model: Implications for risk to human health

This review evaluated nano- and microplastic particles as vectors for chemical exposure, examining how plastic additives and sorbed environmental contaminants leach from particles under environmentally relevant conditions. The analysis found that while leaching occurs, risks to human health at realistic environmental concentrations require further quantification.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine Litter Plastics and Microplastics and Their Toxic Chemicals Components

This review examined the chemical hazards posed by marine plastic litter and microplastics, focusing on persistent organic pollutants, flame retardants, plasticisers, and endocrine-disrupting additives that can leach from plastic polymers into marine food webs. The authors concluded that both the physical and chemical toxicity of marine plastics represent a serious and undercharacterised threat to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human health via seafood consumption.

2020 22 citations
Review Tier 2

A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health

This detailed review examines the potential health effects of microplastics and the chemical additives they contain, which can include plasticizers, flame retardants, and stabilizers. Researchers describe how humans are exposed to these hazardous chemicals through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact as microplastics break down in the environment. The study emphasizes that the combination of physical particle effects and chemical toxicity makes microplastics a uniquely complex health concern.

2020 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 1763 citations