Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Quantification and mapping of tyre wear emissions: from EU regional analysis to global projections

Researchers quantified and mapped tyre wear particle emissions across EU member states and developed global projections, finding substantial discrepancies in per capita emission estimates across different national methodologies and providing guidance for optimizing future emission estimations.

2025 Environment International
Article Tier 2

Comprehensive approach to national tire wear emissions: Challenges and implications

Researchers developed a comprehensive approach to estimate national tire wear emissions, which are a major source of microplastics in the environment. They found that increasing vehicle weight due to electrification trends and growing traffic volumes are driving higher emissions, while no regulations currently exist for tire wear. The study provides methods needed for tracking changes in tire-related microplastic pollution and supporting future environmental impact assessments.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical challenges and possibilities for the quantification of tire-road wear particles

This review examines the analytical challenges involved in measuring tire-road wear particles, one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions. Researchers cataloged the wide range of methods used to detect and quantify these particles, noting that their varied size, shape, density, and chemical makeup make consistent measurement difficult. The study highlights the need for standardized analytical approaches so that results from different studies can be meaningfully compared.

2023 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 65 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

Tire wear particles: Trends from bibliometric analysis, environmental distribution with meta-analysis, and implications

Bibliometric analysis showed tire wear particle research is concentrated in Europe and North America despite large vehicle populations in Asia and Africa. Meta-analysis revealed that tire wear particle concentrations varied greatly by country and environmental medium, with biotoxicity, environmental distribution, and human health risks identified as the current research hotspots.

2023 Environmental Pollution 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire Wear and Pollutants: An Overview of Research

This review provides an overview of tire road and wear particles as a major source of microplastic emissions, examining both experimental and mathematical approaches to measuring tire wear. The study notes that while tire wear particles are found in alarming amounts across various environments, they remain less studied than other microplastics, and calls for more accurate simulation models to predict tire wear emissions.

2023 Archives of Advanced Engineering Science 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparison of Methods for Sampling Particulate Emissions from Tires under Different Test Environments

Researchers compared different methods for sampling tire wear particle emissions under various test conditions, finding significant methodological differences that affect measurement outcomes and highlighting the need for standardized approaches as non-exhaust emissions become an increasing share of total vehicle pollution.

2022 Atmosphere 23 citations
Article Tier 2

An overview of the key topics related to the study of tire particles and their chemical leachates: From problems to solutions

Researchers reviewed the current state of knowledge on tyre wear particles — rubber fragments shed by vehicles that are a major source of microplastic pollution — identifying key gaps in emissions estimates, detection standards, and understanding of the toxic chemicals that leach from tyre rubber into the environment. The review calls for closer collaboration between scientists, regulators, and the tire industry to develop solutions that reduce the environmental and health impacts of tyre pollution.

2024 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 48 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment - A review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects

Researchers reviewed available science on tire wear particles (TWP) — tiny fragments shed from tires during driving — finding that Europe alone generates over 1.3 million tonnes per year, but critical data on environmental concentrations, transport to waterways, and aquatic toxicity remain too limited for robust ecological risk assessment.

2018 Water Research 944 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of a parametrized and regionalized life cycle inventory model for tire and road wear particles

Researchers developed a detailed model for estimating tire and road wear particle emissions, a major but often overlooked source of microplastics from vehicle traffic. The model accounts for nine key factors including road texture, driving behavior, temperature, and tire type, and can generate estimates at both individual vehicle and national scales. The study found that road surface roughness, aggressive driving, and wet conditions are the biggest drivers of large particle emissions, while temperature and vehicle load most affect fine particle release.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing regional emissions of vehicle-based tire wear particle from macro-to micro/nano-scales with pandemic lockdowns and electromobility scenarios implications

Researchers developed a data-driven probabilistic model to estimate regional tire wear particle emissions across different land use scenarios, incorporating vehicle fleet data, driving patterns, and emission factors. Modeling suggested that tire wear particles represent a substantial and underappreciated pathway for microplastic entry into the atmosphere, with implications for both human health and environmental policy.

2022 Chemosphere 15 citations
Article Tier 2

On-Road Vehicle Measurement of Tire Wear Particle Emissions and Approach for Emission Prediction

An instrumented measurement vehicle was developed to quantify tire wear particle emissions under real-world on-road conditions, identifying key driving parameters such as speed, load, and cornering that govern emission rates. The study supports the development of emission factors and regulatory standards for non-exhaust tire-derived microplastic pollution.

2022 Tire Science and Technology 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges in Quantifying Tire Wear Particle Emissions on an Outer Drum Test Bed

Researchers worked to develop reliable methods for measuring tire wear particle emissions on an outer drum test bed, a key challenge since tire wear is a major source of microplastics. They found that a degumming method using talcum powder increased wear rates to realistic levels but complicated particle measurements, requiring new techniques to distinguish tire particles from the powder. The study highlights the technical difficulties involved in accurately quantifying tire wear emissions for environmental assessment.

2025 SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations

Researchers analyzed global regulations affecting tires across their entire lifespan and found a significant gap: while many rules address tire chemicals, safety, and recycling, none specifically regulate tire wear particles (TWPs) — the microplastic-like fragments shed onto roads. The authors argue that TWPs represent a poorly controlled source of environmental contamination and call for new risk-based regulations targeting their emission and toxicity.

2022 Environmental Pollution 66 citations
Article Tier 2

Detecting the Invisible: Analytical Advances and Regulatory Gaps in Tyre and Road Wear Particle Pollution

This research review reveals that tiny particles from car tires scraping against roads make up nearly 28% of all microplastic pollution worldwide, yet we barely understand or regulate this massive source of contamination. These tire particles contain rubber, metals, and other chemicals that spread through the air we breathe and water systems, but scientists still lack consistent methods to properly detect and measure them. The study highlights an urgent need for better testing methods and pollution policies to protect human health from this largely invisible but widespread form of microplastic exposure.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Tire crumb in the environment: a review on occurrence, fate and recent advances in detection and analysis

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of tire wear particles as environmental contaminants, covering their physical and chemical properties, occurrence across environmental matrices, and detection methods. Researchers found that tire wear particles are present in air, water, and soil worldwide but remain difficult to quantify due to their variable density, aging behavior, and lack of standardized detection protocols. The study highlights the urgent need for consistent analytical methods to better understand how these particles move through and impact the environment.

2025 Soft Matter 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Mapping the tire supply chain and its microplastics emissions using a multi-stakeholder approach

Researchers mapped the tire supply chain in the Netherlands to quantify microplastic emissions using a material system analysis and stakeholder involvement. The study found tires are a significant microplastic source and provided a foundation for developing targeted mitigation strategies across the supply chain.

2024 Resources Conservation and Recycling 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Scientific Knowledge Mapping and Thematic Evolution for Tire Wear Particles

This bibliometric analysis maps the scientific literature on tire wear particles, identifying key research themes and trends as this often-overlooked source of microplastic pollution receives growing attention across environmental media.

2022 Sustainability 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Tyre and road wear particles - A calculation of generation, transport and release to water and soil with special regard to German roads

This study calculated that German roads generate 75,000 to 98,000 tons of tire and road wear particles annually, with a significant portion reaching surface waters and roadside soils. The findings highlight tire wear as a major but often overlooked source of microplastic pollution requiring better data and management strategies.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 244 citations
Article Tier 2

Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) - A review of generation, properties, emissions, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment

This comprehensive review compiles current knowledge on tyre and road wear particles, which are generated during driving and contribute to both airborne emissions and microplastic pollution. Researchers found that per-capita tyre wear emissions range from 0.2 to 5.5 kilograms per person per year, with particles ending up in soils, waterways, and the air. While the risk from inhaling these particles appears low, the potential health effects from ingesting them through the food chain remain largely unknown.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 723 citations
Article Tier 2

Tyre wear particles: an abundant yet widely unreported microplastic?

Researchers collected tire wear particles from roadside drains and natural environments near a major UK road, finding that these particles are abundant and widespread yet frequently undetected in environmental monitoring, suggesting tyre wear is a major but under-reported microplastic source.

2020 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 317 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust based on synthetic/natural rubber ratio using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry across diverse tire types

Researchers developed an improved method for measuring tire wear particles in road dust that accounts for differences in rubber composition across tire brands and types. They found that the standard ISO method, which assumes a fixed ratio of synthetic to natural rubber, can significantly misestimate tire wear concentrations. The refined approach provides more accurate measurements of this major source of microplastic pollution from road traffic.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire Abrasion as a Major Source of Microplastics in the Environment

This study analyzed tire wear particles as a major source of microplastics in the environment, estimating that tire abrasion contributes a substantial fraction of total microplastic emissions globally and highlighting road runoff as a key delivery pathway to waterways.

2018 Aerosol and Air Quality Research 582 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards real-world TRWP quantification: Combining a novel enclosed collection system with optical sensors to mitigate particle loss in tire emission measurements

Researchers developed an enclosed collection system combined with optical particle sensors to quantify airborne tire wear particle emissions in a laboratory wind tunnel, addressing a critical gap in TRWP measurement methods. The system reduced particle losses during sampling and enabled real-time monitoring, providing a foundation for standardized protocols needed to meet Euro 7 tire emission regulations.

2025
Article Tier 2

An estimation of tire and road wear particles emissions in surface water based on a conceptual framework

Researchers developed a conceptual framework to estimate emissions of tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) into surface water, identifying them as a dominant source of microplastic contamination in freshwater environments globally.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 23 citations