Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution - what have we learned from the last 20 years of research and what are the priorities ahead?

This paper reviewed two decades of microplastic research progress, from the 2004 discovery paper through current knowledge on sources, environmental distribution, and effects. Key findings are that the field has matured substantially, though standardized methodologies and long-term health impact data are still needed.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

How problems with microplastics in research and application can be overcome

This methodological review addressed common problems in micro- and nanoplastic research, including challenges in hazard identification, exposure assessment, and risk characterization arising from the complex mixture nature of MNPs. The authors proposed practical solutions and standardization approaches to improve the reliability of microplastic risk assessments.

2025 Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)
Article Tier 2

Screening and prioritization of nano- and microplastic particle toxicity studies for evaluating human health risks – development and application of a toxicity study assessment tool

Researchers developed a standardized tool to screen and rank toxicity studies on nano- and microplastics by quality and relevance, addressing a critical gap in how scientists evaluate which studies should inform human health risk assessments for these widespread plastic pollutants.

2022 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 62 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution - what have we learned from the last 20 years of research and what are the priorities ahead?

This paper reviewed 20 years of microplastic research since the foundational 2004 study, summarizing what has been learned about sources, distribution, ecological impacts, and remaining knowledge gaps. The review emphasizes that while understanding has grown dramatically, key questions about dose-response relationships and long-term ecological effects remain unresolved.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: addressing ecological risk through lessons learned

Researchers reviewed the current state of microplastic ecological risk assessment and proposed applying lessons learned from more established fields of environmental research. The study suggests that despite widespread concern about microplastic pollution, scientific understanding of actual ecological risk remains limited, and future research should follow more rigorous risk assessment frameworks.

2015 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 312 citations
Article Tier 2

Confronting plastic pollution to protect environmental and public health

This collection of expert commentaries assessed critical challenges in microplastic science and policy, covering detection methods, toxicological dose-response relationships, risk assessment frameworks, and the gap between scientific evidence and regulatory action, concluding that urgent method standardization is needed.

2021 PLoS Biology 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Advancing the quality of environmental microplastic research

This review examines the rapidly growing field of environmental microplastic research, discussing the methodological inconsistencies that limit comparability across studies and calling for improved quality standards to support robust regulatory and scientific conclusions.

2017 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 167 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental prevalence, fate, impacts, and mitigation of microplastics—a critical review on present understanding and future research scope

This critical review evaluates the environmental prevalence, fate, impacts, and mitigation of microplastics across aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial environments as well as human tissues. It discusses membrane-based and other treatment technologies for microplastic removal, identifying persistent monitoring and standardization challenges.

2020 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 57 citations
Article Tier 2

A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment.

This critical review examines the current methods for detecting and characterizing micro- and nanoplastics in various environmental samples, as well as reported toxic effects from in vivo and in vitro studies. The authors found that while substantial effort has been made to understand microplastic behavior, the scientific community is still far from a complete understanding of how these particles behave in biological systems. The review calls for improved standardized protocols and more studies focused on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution.

2019 Environmental Research 163 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of microplastics: Which parameters are essential for a reliable inter-study comparison?

Inconsistent measurement methods make it very difficult to compare microplastic data across studies. This paper proposes standardized guidelines for quantifying microplastic size and shape distributions, which would allow scientists to better track pollution levels over time and across locations.

2020 Marine Pollution Bulletin 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea

Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental fate, organism interactions, and analytical detection methods for nano-sized plastic polymers in the marine environment, concluding that nanoplastics pose the greatest ecological risk among plastic size fractions and that standardized analytical protocols for nanoplastic characterization are urgently needed.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 142 citations
Article Tier 2

Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments?

This review argues that current microplastic monitoring methods likely underestimate the true extent of contamination in aquatic environments, especially for small particles and fibers. The authors call for standardized, more sensitive detection methods to better inform regulation and risk assessment.

2017 Environmental Management 277 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nano-Plastics Contaminants in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Toxicity, Detection, Remediation, and Sustainable Perspectives

This review provides a broad overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering where these particles come from, how they spread through the environment, and the damage they cause to living things including humans. The authors also compare different methods for removing microplastics from the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The paper calls for more research and global cooperation to develop better tools for measuring the health risks of plastic pollution.

2023 Water 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro and nanoplastics in the environment: Research priorities for the near future

This perspective paper identifies the most urgent research priorities for micro- and nanoplastics, including better standardized methods, more realistic environmental exposure studies, and greater focus on human health effects. The authors argue that current research is fragmented and needs better coordination to inform policy.

2021 Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Updated review on microplastics in water, their occurrence, detection, measurement, environmental pollution, and the need for regulatory standards

This review examines microplastic occurrence, detection methods, and measurement techniques in aquatic environments, highlighting the urgent need for explicit regulatory frameworks to address the growing threat of microplastic pollution in water systems.

2021 Environmental Pollution 130 citations
Article Tier 2

Critical gaps in nanoplastics research and their connection to risk assessment

This paper identifies critical knowledge gaps in nanoplastics research and explains why they matter for assessing health and environmental risks. Nanoplastics are harder to detect and measure than larger microplastics, meaning current pollution estimates likely undercount total plastic contamination. The authors call for better detection methods and standardized research approaches to understand the true scope of nanoplastic exposure.

2023 Frontiers in Toxicology 56 citations
Article Tier 2

The Current Status of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics Research: Characterization, Analytical Methods, Fate, and Human Health Risk

This review synthesizes current knowledge on atmospheric micro- and nanoplastics, covering their characterization, analytical methods, environmental fate, and human health risks while highlighting the need for standardized sampling protocols to enable cross-study comparisons.

2022 Aerosol and Air Quality Research 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Moving forward in microplastic research: A Norwegian perspective

This Norwegian perspective reviewed current knowledge gaps in microplastic research and argued that the field must move from contamination surveys toward risk-based assessments that can directly inform management decisions, calling for standardized methods, long-term monitoring programs, and closer collaboration between researchers and policymakers.

2021 Environment International 64 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing and managing environmental hazards of polymers: historical development, science advances and policy options

Researchers critically reviewed how polymer environmental safety regulations, largely unchanged since the 1990s, fail to keep pace with scientific understanding of plastic pollution. They identified four key areas needing regulatory attention, including better transparency about polymer identities, improved understanding of environmental fate across size categories, and more comprehensive hazard assessments. The study suggests that current regulatory frameworks worldwide need significant updates to adequately manage the environmental risks posed by polymers.

2022 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in the oceans: Theory, experimental evidence and real world

Researchers critically review over 200 studies on nanoplastic pollution — focusing predominantly on polystyrene — synthesizing knowledge on how nanoplastics form from polymer degradation, accumulate in seawater, and affect organisms in controlled conditions, while identifying key methodological standards needed for reliable ecotoxicological assessments.

2020 Marine Pollution Bulletin 84 citations