Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

How much plastic are we ingesting?

This article examines the challenge of measuring human microplastic ingestion, noting that while preliminary figures exist, researchers still lack precise knowledge of daily intake levels and the full health consequences of consuming plastic particles.

2023
Article Tier 2

Estimation of the mass of microplastics ingested – A pivotal first step towards human health risk assessment

Researchers compiled data from multiple studies to estimate the mass of microplastics that humans ingest from various sources including food, water, and air. This work represents an important first step toward formal health risk assessment, though the study notes significant data gaps and uncertainties that need to be addressed before definitive exposure levels can be established.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 939 citations
Article Tier 2

Human Consumption of Microplastics

Researchers evaluated the American diet and estimated that the average person consumes between 39,000 and 52,000 microplastic particles per year through food alone, with the number rising significantly when inhalation and bottled water consumption are included. The study analyzed data from 26 prior studies covering common food categories. The findings highlight that microplastic exposure through everyday eating and drinking is widespread and substantial.

2019 Environmental Science & Technology 2428 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

A systematic review and quality assessment of estimated daily intake of microplastics through food

This systematic review assessed how much microplastic people consume through food daily. While estimates vary widely due to differences in study methods, the evidence confirms that humans regularly ingest microplastics through seafood, water, salt, and other common foods.

2024 Reviews on Environmental Health 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Correction to Human Consumption of Microplastics

This paper is a published correction to the 2019 study "Human Consumption of Microplastics" by Cox et al., which estimated how many microplastic particles people ingest annually through food, water, and air. The correction updates specific data or calculations in that widely cited paper.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 56 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical method development and occurrence of microplastics from daily food containers

This study developed and optimized analytical methods for detecting microplastics in food containers and estimated human ingestion through this exposure pathway. The research supports the widely-cited estimate that people ingest about 5 grams of plastic per week, and provides improved detection methods for food safety monitoring.

2020
Review Tier 2

Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Critical Review and Model-Supported Reinterpretation of Empirical Studies

Researchers critically reviewed the widespread hypothesis that microplastics transfer harmful chemicals to marine animals after being ingested. Using new modeling calculations, they found that for most organisms in most scenarios, the contribution of microplastics to chemical exposure is actually very small compared to what animals absorb through water and food. The study suggests that while microplastics are a legitimate environmental concern, their role as a significant chemical delivery vehicle has been overstated in much of the scientific literature.

2016 Environmental Science & Technology 1439 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of microplastics in various foods and assessment of aggregate human exposure via food consumption in korea

Researchers measured microplastics in eight types of Korean food products including salt, soy sauce, fish sauce, seaweed, honey, beer, and beverages. They estimated that average Korean adults consume about 1,400 microplastic particles per week from food, which is far lower than some earlier estimates of exposure. The study highlights the importance of careful measurement methods, as previous estimates may have been inflated by relying on extreme data points.

2023 Environmental Pollution 97 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure scenarios for human health risk assessment of nano- and microplastic particles

This paper focuses on developing realistic exposure scenarios for assessing human health risks from nano- and microplastic particles. Establishing accurate models of how much plastic people actually encounter through food, air, and water is a critical step for determining whether current exposure levels pose real health dangers.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 16 citations
Article Tier 2

A review of microplastic pollution and human health risk assessment: current knowledge and future outlook

This review reports that people worldwide consume an estimated 11,845 to 193,200 microplastic particles per year, primarily through drinking water. Microplastics can accumulate in organs and cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and potential damage to the nervous and reproductive systems, but standardized methods for assessing these health risks in humans are still lacking.

2025 Frontiers in Environmental Science 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Growing concerns over ingested microplastics in humans

This paper reviews the growing body of evidence showing that microplastics have been found in various human tissues, raising public health concerns. Researchers note that while laboratory studies demonstrate microplastics can cause cellular damage, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding dose-response relationships, specific target organs, and underlying toxicological mechanisms. The study calls for improved detection technologies and thorough risk assessments to better understand the real-world health implications.

2025 Carbon Research 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Underestimated activity-based microplastic intake under scenario-specific exposures

Researchers developed a method to estimate daily microplastic intake from breathing and dust ingestion based on real-world measurements and people's activity patterns. They found that nearly 80% of microplastic intake comes from indoor residential environments, with activity intensity and behavior patterns significantly influencing exposure levels. The study suggests that previous estimates of human microplastic exposure may have been substantially underestimated.

2023 Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 26 citations
Article Tier 2

A computational approach to predict the Microplastic Ingestion in the Human Body

This paper claims to use computational methods to predict microplastic ingestion in the human body, but the abstract consists entirely of journal indexing keywords rather than scientific content. No meaningful findings about microplastic health effects can be extracted from the available information.

2025 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CREATIVE RESEARCH THOUGHTS
Article Tier 2

Plausibility Checks Are Needed in Microplastic Research to Prevent Misinterpretations

Researchers argue in this viewpoint that plausibility checks are critically needed in microplastic research to prevent misinterpretations, identifying common methodological issues that lead to unreliable results and calling for greater scrutiny of reported microplastic concentrations and detection claims.

2022 Environmental Science & Technology 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Health impacts and detection challenges of human exposure to microplastics

This review examined the health impacts of human exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Researchers found that these tiny particles pose significant health risks due to their ability to carry toxic contaminants and interact with biological tissues. The study also highlights major challenges in accurately detecting and measuring microplastic exposure in humans, which limits our understanding of the full scope of health effects.

2025 Cancer Plus 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Getting a grip on microplastics’ risks

This review examines the current state of microplastic risk assessment, noting that tiny plastic particles have been detected in water, food, air, human blood, lung tissue, and stool, yet their risks to human health and the environment remain unclear. The authors draw parallels with challenges faced in nanotoxicology and discuss how lessons from that field could improve methods for studying microplastic toxicity and exposure.

2022 C&EN Global Enterprise 3 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Are Microplastics a Macro Issue? A Review on the Sources of Contamination, Analytical Challenges and Impact on Human Health of Microplastics in Food

This systematic review examines how microplastics enter the human food supply and what health effects they may cause. The research found microplastics in a wide range of foods, but major inconsistencies in testing methods make it difficult to determine true contamination levels. While the full health impact remains unclear, the evidence suggests that microplastic exposure through food is widespread and warrants further study.

2023 Foods 14 citations
Review Tier 2

Relevance and reliability of evidence for microplastic contamination in seafood: A critical review using Australian consumption patterns as a case study

Researchers critically reviewed evidence on microplastic contamination in seafood, using Australian consumption patterns as a case study to assess human exposure risk. They found that while microplastics have been documented in many commercial marine species, most contamination is found in tissues that are not typically consumed by humans. The study concludes that current evidence does not support significant dietary microplastic exposure from seafood but calls for better standardized research methods.

2021 Environmental Pollution 65 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

Microplastics in Seafood: How Much Are People Eating?

This meta-analysis pools data from multiple studies to estimate how many microplastic particles people consume through seafood each year. While scientists are still uncertain whether eating microplastics directly harms human health, early research in animals suggests potential effects on the gut and immune system. The study highlights that seafood is a significant source of microplastic exposure for many people worldwide.

2021 Environmental Health Perspectives 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: do they harm human health?

New research suggests that the amount of tiny plastic particles (called microplastics) in our bodies and environment might not be as high as scientists previously thought. However, researchers say we should still be cautious about potential health effects since we don't fully understand how these plastic particles affect our bodies over time. This finding means the microplastic problem may be less severe than feared, but more research is needed to know for sure if they're safe.

2026 BMJ 1 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review on Exposure Pathways, Toxicity, and Emerging Risks

This comprehensive review examines microplastic exposure pathways in humans, methods of detection, and the potential toxic effects on various biological systems. The study highlights growing evidence that microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and may affect multiple organ systems, though significant uncertainties remain about long-term health outcomes.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nano-plastic contamination in foods and potential risk to human health

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about micro- and nanoplastic contamination in food, covering sources, occurrence, and analytical detection methods. Researchers found that while various foods, especially seafood, contain measurable levels of microplastics, the health risks to humans remain difficult to assess due to inconsistent research methods. The study calls for standardized approaches to better evaluate dietary exposure and potential health impacts.

2025 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2 citations
Review Tier 2

Can the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on human health really be assessed using in vitro models? A review of methodological issues

This review examines whether lab-based cell studies can reliably predict how micro and nanoplastics affect human health. The authors found significant inconsistencies in how researchers choose plastic particle types, doses, and exposure methods, making it hard to compare results across studies. The paper calls for standardized testing protocols so that lab findings can more accurately reflect real-world microplastic exposure risks to people.

2023 Environment International 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Review of Recent Advances in Microplastic Ecological Risk Assessment: From Problem Formulation to Risk Characterization

This review of existing research shows that tiny plastic particles called microplastics are contaminating our environment and food chain, carrying harmful chemicals and pollutants that can end up in our bodies. Scientists still don't fully understand how dangerous these microplastics are to human health or how they move through the food we eat, from fish to drinking water. The researchers say we need better methods to study these risks so we can protect people and create policies to reduce plastic pollution.

2026 Microplastics