Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Reconstructing the Environmental Degradation of Polystyrene by Accelerated Weathering

Researchers conducted long-term accelerated weathering experiments on polystyrene and characterized changes in surface chemistry, morphology, and particle size distribution over time, providing empirical data on fragmentation kinetics and chemical transformation needed to model environmental residence times.

2021 Environmental Science & Technology 189 citations
Article Tier 2

The fragmentation of nano- and microplastic particles from thermoplastics accelerated by simulated-sunlight-mediated photooxidation

Researchers measured how quickly three common thermoplastics break down into micro- and nanoplastics under simulated sunlight exposure. Polystyrene fragmented fastest, in less than one year of equivalent real sunlight, followed by polypropylene in under two years and polyethylene in over three years. The findings help estimate how quickly plastic litter in the environment generates secondary microplastic pollution, which could inform cleanup timelines and priorities.

2022 Environmental Pollution 88 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental degradation and fragmentation of microplastics: dependence on polymer type, humidity, UV dose and temperature

Researchers systematically tested how UV light, temperature, and humidity cause five common plastic types to break apart into secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. They found that the type of plastic — not the aging conditions — was the main factor determining how quickly it fragmented and what byproducts it released, data that can improve models predicting how plastics break down in the environment.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Monitoring polymer degradation under different conditions in the marine environment

Researchers simulated four marine environmental conditions over one year and found that biobased plastics like polylactic acid degrade up to five times faster in seafloor sediment than in the water column, while conventional plastics showed little degradation difference across conditions.

2019 Environmental Pollution 133 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of low-density polyethylene to nanoplastic particles by accelerated weathering

Researchers demonstrated that accelerated weathering of low-density polyethylene produces nanoplastic particles, providing experimental evidence for the degradation pathway from macro-plastics to nanoscale fragments in the environment.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 100 citations
Article Tier 2

Transferability of accelerated weathering to outdoor weathering for commodity polymers PS, PP and PE

This study evaluated how well accelerated laboratory weathering of plastic polymers predicts outdoor weathering outcomes, testing commodity plastics under both conditions. The results showed moderate transferability, with important differences in degradation pathways between lab and field weathering.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Photoaging of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polystyrene Under UVA Radiation in Diverse Environmental Conditions

Researchers exposed polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene plastics to UVA radiation under diverse environmental conditions and tracked their photoaging and fragmentation, finding that UVA exposure accelerates microplastic generation in ways that vary with environmental context.

2025 University of Alberta Library
Article Tier 2

Physicochemical and biological ageing processes of (micro)plastics in the environment: a multi-tiered study on polyethylene

Researchers applied a multi-tiered approach combining laboratory aging, field deployment, and environmental simulation to study how polyethylene plastic undergoes physicochemical and biological weathering in natural settings. The study found that UV radiation and microbial colonization act synergistically to accelerate surface oxidation and fragmentation of PE into smaller particles.

2022 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 54 citations
Article Tier 2

The Role of Artificial Weathering Protocols on Abiotic and Bacterial Degradation of Polyethylene

Researchers compared three different artificial weathering protocols to understand how UV exposure patterns affect the degradation of polyethylene and its subsequent breakdown by bacteria. The study found that different weathering conditions significantly influence the physicochemical properties of polyethylene, which in turn affects how readily microorganisms can degrade the material, with implications for understanding microplastic formation in the environment.

2025 Polymers 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Aging behavior of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics accelerated by UV/H2O2 processes

Researchers used UV and hydrogen peroxide to simulate environmental aging of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, finding that PLA microplastics undergo significant surface and structural changes during weathering that alter their environmental behavior and persistence.

2023 Chemosphere 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of ultraviolet and thermal degradations of four common microplastics and evidence of nanoparticle release

Researchers studied how UV light and elevated temperature break down four common plastics and found that weathering releases nanoscale plastic particles. Polystyrene and polypropylene were particularly susceptible to UV degradation, generating significant numbers of nanoparticles. The findings confirm that environmental conditions actively fragment microplastics into even smaller, potentially more harmful nanoplastics.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters 49 citations
Article Tier 2

The importance of both physical aging and chemical weathering for the environmental fate of plastic

Researchers investigated the interplay between physical aging and chemical weathering in plastics and their combined effects on microplastic generation, finding that physical aging processes — distinct from photo-oxidation — play an underappreciated role in determining the environmental fate of plastic materials.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Mineral-Armored Structure Enhanced the Stability of Polyethylene Microplastics Rather Than Polylactic Acid Microplastics: A Long-Term Natural Aging Study

Researchers conducted a long-term natural aging study comparing polyethylene and polylactic acid microplastics across different environmental settings, finding that mineral armoring on polyethylene surfaces enhanced structural stability and slowed aging, whereas polylactic acid microplastics degraded more readily.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology
Article Tier 2

Abiotic weathering of plastic: Experimental contributions towards understanding the formation of microplastics and other plastic related particulate pollutants

Scientists studied how the five most common types of plastic break down under realistic environmental conditions involving UV light, temperature changes, and humidity. They found that weathering follows complex, uneven pathways and that the microplastics produced can have very different physical properties depending on the additives in the original plastic. This matters because it means microplastics in the environment are more varied and unpredictable than lab studies using uniform particles suggest, complicating efforts to assess their health risks.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Aging simulation of thin-film plastics in different environments to examine the formation of microplastic

Researchers aged polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene thin films under land, freshwater, estuarine, and oceanic conditions, finding that UV radiation was the primary driver of surface degradation and microplastic formation, with degradation rates varying substantially by environmental medium.

2021 Water Research 170 citations
Article Tier 2

Study on the impact of photoaging on the generation of very small microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) and the wettability of plastic surface

Experiments using UV light to artificially age six common plastic types showed that sunlight (photoaging) accelerates the breakdown of plastics into very small microplastics and nanoplastics and makes plastic surfaces rougher and more chemically reactive. Understanding how different polymer structures respond to light aging is important for predicting which plastics will fragment fastest in the environment and generate the most hazardous small particles.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Mineral-ArmoredStructure Enhanced the Stability ofPolyethylene Microplastics Rather Than Polylactic Acid Microplastics:A Long-Term Natural Aging Study

Researchers conducted a long-term natural aging study comparing polyethylene and polylactic acid microplastics in different environmental settings, finding that mineral coating structures enhanced the stability of polyethylene microplastics while polylactic acid particles degraded more rapidly under the same conditions.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Impact of accelerated weathering on the leaching kinetics of stabiliser additives from microplastics

Researchers studied how environmental weathering affects the release of chemical additives from microplastics and found that the results varied widely depending on the type of plastic and additive. Contrary to common assumptions, weathering did not always increase chemical leaching; in fact, it only significantly changed release rates for three out of nine formulations tested. This means the health risks from microplastic additives are more complex than previously thought, as different plastic types behave very differently in the environment.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 48 citations
Article Tier 2

Accelerated photoaging of microplastic - polyethylene terephthalate: physical, chemical, morphological properties and pesticide adsorption

Researchers subjected polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics to accelerated photoaging under simulated sunlight, characterizing changes in surface chemistry, crystallinity, and mechanical properties over time. Photoaging increased surface oxidation, reduced molecular weight, and enhanced the release of plastic additives, suggesting aged PET microplastics present greater chemical hazard than pristine particles.

2024 LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Article Tier 2

Simulated experimental investigation of microplastic weathering in marine environment

Researchers simulated microplastic weathering under marine conditions, finding that exposure to UV light, saltwater, and mechanical abrasion progressively degraded plastic surfaces, increased surface roughness, and enhanced the adsorption capacity of contaminants onto microplastic particles.

2022 Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Linking UV aging of polymers and microplastics formation: An assessment employing various characterization techniques

This study used environmental assessment tools to model how UV aging of plastic polymers drives microplastic formation in marine environments. The analysis identified polymer-specific degradation rates and environmental conditions that accelerate the conversion of plastic debris into microplastics.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Release of chemical additives and potentially toxic elements from plastics under ambient outdoor environmental conditions

Researchers placed large pieces of seven commercial plastic polymers outdoors under natural conditions for extended periods and measured the release of phthalates, phenolic compounds, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, finding that realistic environmental conditions cause significant leaching of toxic chemical additives.

2025 Environmental Research
Article Tier 2

Multi-Analytical Approach to Characterize the Degradation of Different Types of Microplastics: Identification and Quantification of Released Organic Compounds

Researchers studied how temperature and light exposure cause five common types of plastic to degrade and release organic chemical compounds. Using a solar simulation chamber, they tracked the breakdown products over time with multiple analytical techniques. The findings help identify which chemicals are released as plastics weather in the environment, which is important for understanding the secondary pollution caused by microplastic degradation.

2023 Molecules 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of weathering and simulated gastric fluid exposure on cellular responses to polystyrene particles

Researchers studied the effects of weathering and simulated gastric fluid exposure on cellular responses to polystyrene particles. The study suggests that environmental weathering can alter how micro- and nanoplastics interact with biological systems, with potential implications for understanding human health effects from ingested plastic particles.

2024 Environmental Science Nano 3 citations