Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Detection and public health risk assessment of microplastics in disposable (PET) bottled water produced and sold locally in the Aegean Region

Researchers detected microplastics in locally produced PET bottled water in Turkey's Aegean Region, raising public health concerns about consumer exposure to plastic particles through a widely consumed drinking water source.

2022 Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in some beverages marketed in türkiye: Characteristics, dietary exposure and risk assessment

Researchers tested 47 different beverages sold in Turkey and found microplastics in about one in five samples, with cold tea showing the highest contamination levels. While the estimated daily intake from these beverages was considered a low physical health risk, the study confirms that packaged drinks are a routine source of microplastic exposure for consumers.

2024 Food and Chemical Toxicology 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Prevalence of microplastics in commercially sold soft drinks and human risk assessment

Researchers tested ten brands of soft drinks sold in Turkey and found microplastics in every single one, with 80% of samples showing high contamination levels. On average, consumers are exposed to about nine microplastic particles per liter of soft drink, likely originating from the bottling process and packaging materials. This study adds soft drinks to the growing list of everyday beverages through which people regularly consume microplastics.

2023 Journal of Environmental Management 99 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Malaysian bottled water brands: Occurrence and potential human exposure

Researchers tested eight major bottled water brands sold in Malaysia and found microplastic particles in all of them, with concentrations varying significantly between brands. The most common types were fragments and fibers made of polyethylene and polypropylene. The study estimates daily microplastic intake from bottled water consumption and highlights the need for quality standards addressing microplastic contamination in drinking water.

2022 Environmental Pollution 99 citations
Article Tier 2

First evidence of microplastics and their characterization in bottled drinking water from a developing country

Scientists in a developing country analyzed 10 brands of bottled drinking water and found microplastics in all samples, with concentrations varying by brand. The most common particles were polyethylene and polypropylene fragments and fibers, likely originating from the plastic bottle caps and packaging. This study adds to evidence that bottled water is a significant source of daily microplastic intake for people worldwide.

2023 Frontiers in Environmental Science 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and non-natural cellulosic particles in Spanish bottled drinking water

Researchers analyzed five top-selling bottled water brands in Spain and found microplastics in all of them, primarily polyester and polyethylene particles likely originating from the PET bottles and caps. While the estimated daily intake from bottled water alone was relatively low, the study adds to evidence that bottled water is a consistent source of microplastic exposure for consumers.

2024 Scientific Reports 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution of drinking water in a metropolis

Researchers analyzed 100 drinking water samples from various sources across Istanbul and found microplastics in every sample, with concentrations ranging from 10 to 390 particles per liter. Eight different polymer types were identified, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC, in both fiber and fragment forms. The findings indicate that drinking water in major metropolitan areas is a consistent pathway for human microplastic exposure.

2023 Journal of Water and Health 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization of microplastics in sediments and surface waters of Turkish lakes

Researchers surveyed seven lakes in Turkey and found microplastics in all of them, with polyethylene and polypropylene being the most common types. Human activities like tourism, fishing, and urban waste disposal were identified as major sources, showing that even protected lake areas are contaminated with plastic particles that can enter drinking water supplies.

2025 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Assessment of Human Exposure to Microplastic Particles in Bottled Water From Southwest, Nigeria

Researchers tested eight brands of bottled water from southwest Nigeria and found microplastics in all of them, averaging about 15 particles per liter, mostly in the form of fibers. Children were estimated to consume three to four times more microplastics per kilogram of body weight than adults from bottled water. The study adds to growing evidence that bottled water is a significant source of human microplastic exposure, especially for children.

2025 Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution and Risk Assessment in Packaged Teas in Türkiye

Researchers analyzed 15 packaged tea brands in Turkey and found microplastics in every single one, with the highest concentrations in dry tea leaves removed from the bags. PET was the most common plastic type, and fiber-shaped particles dominated. The study calculated that daily tea drinkers are regularly consuming microplastics, with men potentially exposed to more than women due to higher consumption, raising questions about this overlooked route of human exposure.

2024 Water Air & Soil Pollution 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and characterization of microplastics in bottled drinking water

Researchers analyzed microplastics in ten bottled water brands and found up to nine microplastic particles per liter, estimating that people who drink only bottled water may ingest over 150 microplastic particles per year — with polypropylene and polystyrene being the most common types found.

2024 Discover Environment 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic as an written composition in bottled water: Implications for waste management

This study characterized microplastic contamination in bottled water, identifying common polymer types and particle sizes and discussing implications for waste management and the effectiveness of current filtration in bottling facilities.

2024 Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring.
Article Tier 2

Prevalence and health risks of microplastics in bottled water and beverages: A food safety concern

This review consolidates evidence on microplastic contamination in bottled water and commercial beverages, finding concentrations ranging from a handful to several hundred particles per liter depending on packaging material and beverage type. The most commonly detected polymers were PET, polypropylene, and polyethylene, primarily from bottle degradation and bottling processes, with children and frequent consumers facing increased exposure.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Potential Health Risks Due to Trihalomethanes and Microplastics in Bottled Water

Researchers found microplastics and trihalomethanes in all tested Indian bottled water brands, with microplastic counts of 20-127 particles per liter and estimated yearly microplastic intake of 153 grams per person through bottled water consumption.

2022 Environmental Engineering Science 36 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Occurrence, Characteristics, and Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Tap Water and Bottled Water, China

This systematic review found microplastic contamination in both tap water and bottled water across China, with bottled water showing especially high levels — up to nearly 9,000 particles per liter for the smallest sizes. Fibers and fragments were the most common forms, and packaging degradation was a major contributor in bottled water. The findings raise practical concerns about microplastic exposure from the water we drink every day.

2025 Environmental Quality Management 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Small-sized microplastics and pigmented particles in bottled mineral water

Researchers tested bottled mineral water and found microplastics and pigmented particles present, suggesting that plastic packaging itself may be a source of contamination in commercially sold water.

2018 Water Research 936 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure to microplastics (<10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study

Researchers conducted the first quantitative study of microplastic contamination in bottled mineral water and found that plastic bottles release significant numbers of particles smaller than 10 micrometers into the water. The release was linked to the bottle material and storage conditions. The findings suggest that drinking bottled water is a meaningful source of human microplastic exposure.

2019 Water Research 387 citations
Article Tier 2

First assessment of occurrence, characteristics and human exposure of microplastics in bottled drinking water, Nepal

Researchers conducted the first assessment of microplastics in bottled drinking water from Nepal's mountain, hill, and Terai regions, finding microplastics in all 35 samples tested (mean 118 items/L), with fiber-shaped particles dominating at 71.76%, establishing a baseline for this developing-country context.

2025 Cleaner Water
Article Tier 2

Investigating the pollution of bottled water by the microplastics (MPs): the effects of mechanical stress, sunlight exposure, and freezing on MPs release

Researchers analyzed 23 popular Iranian brands of bottled water and found microplastic contamination in all samples, averaging about 1,500 particles per liter with over 90 percent smaller than 10 micrometers. Mechanical stress on bottles significantly increased microplastic release, while sunlight exposure caused the most polymer degradation. The study indicates that regardless of brand or source, bottled water contains hundreds to thousands of microplastic particles per liter.

2022 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 47 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical Review of Microplastics Occurrence in Bottled Water, Tap Water, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

This review analyzes microplastic contamination across bottled water, tap water, and wastewater treatment plants using data from studies worldwide. Researchers found that microplastic levels in drinking water are closely tied to the water source and that packaging type significantly influences contamination, with glass bottles recommended over plastic. The study emphasizes the need for improved water treatment technologies and greater public awareness about microplastic exposure through drinking water.

2024 E3S Web of Conferences 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Prevalence and implications of microplastics in potable water system: An update

This review summarizes current knowledge on microplastic contamination in drinking water systems worldwide, covering sources, detection methods, and potential health implications. Researchers found that microplastics are present in both tap and bottled water, with fibers and fragments being the most common types detected. The study highlights the need for standardized testing methods and regulatory limits to protect public health from microplastic exposure through drinking water.

2023 Chemosphere 47 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Spanish bottled water

Researchers analyzed 22 bottled water samples sold in Spain -- packaged in plastic, glass, and cans -- by filtering entire bottle volumes and characterizing particles via micro-FTIR, finding microplastic concentrations of 0-27 particles/L (median 6.67 particles/L) with cellulosic fibers, polyamide, and PET as the dominant polymer types.

2022 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Systematic Review Tier 1

Microplastic Pollution in Turkish Aquatic Ecosystems: Sources, Characteristics, Implications, and Mitigation Strategies

This systematic review surveys microplastic pollution across Turkish rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. It found widespread contamination from textile fibers, packaging fragments, and agricultural films, with potential implications for local seafood safety and drinking water quality.

2023 Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in some herbal teas and human risk assessment: Türkiye

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in four types of packaged herbal teas from five Turkish brands. They found microplastic fibers in all tea samples tested, with the highest particle counts in linden tea and teas brewed for five minutes, composed primarily of ethylene vinyl acetate, PET, and polyacrylonitrile polymers. The study classified all tested brands and tea types as having very high levels of microplastic contamination based on contamination factor analysis.

2025 Food and Chemical Toxicology 1 citations