Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Ecological Impacts of Microplastics and Their Additives

This comprehensive review examines how microplastics and their chemical additives cause ecological harm, covering exposure risks, toxicity pathways, and the transport of persistent toxic substances through ecosystems. Microplastics act as carriers for harmful chemicals that can accumulate in organisms and travel up the food chain toward humans. The review emphasizes that understanding the full life cycle of microplastics, from production to environmental breakdown, is essential for assessing risks to both ecosystems and human health.

2025 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecological and toxicological manifestations of microplastics: current scenario, research gaps, and possible alleviation measures

This review examines the ecological and toxicological effects of microplastics and their associated contaminants across aquatic and terrestrial environments, identifying key knowledge gaps and potential mitigation strategies. The authors emphasize that both physical particle effects and co-transported chemical pollutants pose compounding risks to wildlife and ecosystems.

2020 Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C 46 citations
Review Tier 2

Occurrence, distribution, characteristics, toxicity, human health effects and removal techniques of Microplastic: A Review

This review surveys the occurrence, distribution, toxicity, and health effects of microplastics across environmental compartments, examining how these particles enter ecosystems and food chains and evaluating available removal and mitigation techniques.

2023 International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 1 citations
Review Tier 2

Contribution of chemical toxicity to the overall toxicity of microplastic particles: A review

This review examines how the chemical toxicity of microplastics, from leached additives and absorbed pollutants, contributes to their overall harmful effects beyond just physical damage. Over 16,000 chemicals are used in plastic manufacturing, many of which can leach out and cause harm to living organisms at environmentally realistic concentrations. The findings suggest that the chemical cocktail carried by microplastics may be just as important as their physical presence when assessing health risks.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Chemical and ecotoxicological assessment of microplastics and emerging risks in the coastal environments

This review examines the chemical composition of microplastics found in coastal environments and assesses their ecotoxicological risks, including the leaching of plastic additives and adsorption of environmental pollutants. It emphasizes the need for better risk assessment frameworks that account for both the particles and their associated chemical contaminants.

2020 Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Multiple Effects, Pathways, and Potential Health Risks from Environmental Microplastic Exposure

This review synthesizes nearly two decades of research on the multiple pathways through which environmental microplastics affect human and ecological health, including chemical toxicity, physical impacts, and potential roles as carriers of pathogens and contaminants.

2025 Toxics
Article Tier 2

Plastic additives and microplastics as emerging contaminants: Mechanisms and analytical assessment

Researchers reviewed how chemical additives mixed into plastics during manufacturing — including stabilizers, flame retardants, and plasticizers — can leach out throughout a plastic's lifecycle and pose risks to ecosystems and human health, with microplastics acting as carriers that concentrate and transport these hazardous chemicals.

2022 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 194 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: research landscape, challenges, and remediation

This review synthesizes research on microplastic pollution sources, polymer types, and remediation strategies, identifying polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride as the most prevalent polymers and highlighting chemical additives such as phthalates as compounding environmental hazards.

2022 2 citations
Review Tier 2

A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health

This detailed review examines the potential health effects of microplastics and the chemical additives they contain, which can include plasticizers, flame retardants, and stabilizers. Researchers describe how humans are exposed to these hazardous chemicals through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact as microplastics break down in the environment. The study emphasizes that the combination of physical particle effects and chemical toxicity makes microplastics a uniquely complex health concern.

2020 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 1763 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in ecological system: Their prevalence, health effects, and remediation

This review provides an overview of microplastic prevalence across different ecosystems and their potential effects on environmental and human health. The researchers discuss how microplastics enter water, soil, and food chains, and examine the various biological effects documented in organisms. They also review current remediation strategies being developed to address microplastic contamination.

2024 Environmental Nanotechnology Monitoring & Management 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Contamination in the Environment: An Ecotoxicological Concern

This review examines the sources, distribution, and toxic effects of microplastics across terrestrial and aquatic environments. The authors summarize evidence that microplastics harm a wide range of organisms by causing physical injury, delivering chemical pollutants, and disrupting ecosystem processes.

2021 International Journal of Zoological Investigations 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Hazards and Possible Mitigation

This review covers the sources, environmental distribution, and hazards of microplastics, along with potential mitigation strategies including filtration, biodegradation, and policy interventions. Microplastics absorb toxic chemicals and act as vectors for hazardous substances through food chains, posing risks to both ecosystems and human health.

2023 Ecology Environment and Conservation 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The polymers and their additives in particulate plastics: What makes them hazardous to the fauna?

This review argues that microplastics should not be treated as a single category because different plastic types have very different chemical properties and health risks. Each polymer carries its own set of chemical additives like flame retardants, plasticizers, and stabilizers, which can leach out and cause additional harm to organisms. Understanding the specific dangers of each plastic type and its additives is essential for accurately assessing the true health risks of microplastic exposure.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 207 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Toxicity of Emerging Micro and Nanoplastics

This review examines the environmental toxicity of emerging micro- and nanoplastics, covering their sources, degradation pathways, ecological impacts on organisms, and the need for standardized risk assessment frameworks.

2022 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Exploring microplastic pollution from origin to environmental impact and remediation approaches

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of microplastic pollution, covering their sources from synthetic textiles, cosmetics, and packaging to their fate in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The study critically examines detection techniques, structural and chemical classification methods, and the health risks microplastics pose to organisms including humans.

2025 Discover Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Overview of microplastics in the environment: type, source, potential effects and removal strategies

This review examines microplastic types, sources, and health effects across land and marine environments, discussing remediation technologies and emphasizing the need for international cooperation to address this global pollution challenge.

2022 Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental source, fate, and toxicity of microplastics

This comprehensive review covers the sources, environmental fate, and toxic effects of microplastics across both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The study highlights that microplastics are now found virtually everywhere on Earth and can harm organisms through physical damage, chemical leaching, and by acting as carriers for other pollutants.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 982 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nano-Plastics Contaminants in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Toxicity, Detection, Remediation, and Sustainable Perspectives

This review provides a broad overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering where these particles come from, how they spread through the environment, and the damage they cause to living things including humans. The authors also compare different methods for removing microplastics from the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The paper calls for more research and global cooperation to develop better tools for measuring the health risks of plastic pollution.

2023 Water 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of Microplastics on the Environment and Its Mitigation

This review examines the environmental and biological hazards of microplastics across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, covering their classification as fibers, flakes, fragments, granules, and spheres, their capacity to carry toxic chemicals, and their sorption-desorption dynamics. The authors identify significant gaps in analytical methodology and biological impact data, calling for novel mitigation strategies to address the long-term ecological risks of this emerging contaminant.

2024
Article Tier 2

Plastic and Microplastic Wastes as Environmental Toxicants

This review covers the environmental accumulation of plastics and microplastics and their toxic chemical additives — including phthalates, flame retardants, bisphenol A, heavy metals, and PCBs — documenting contamination from urban regions to remote ecosystems and food/water supplies.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Study of the Potential Impact of Microplastics and Additives on Human Health

This review examines the potential health impacts of microplastics and their chemical additives on humans, noting the difficulty of assessing risk due to the highly variable physical and chemical properties of microplastics. Researchers found that microplastics act as vectors for toxic chemicals in ecosystems, and that combined exposure to plastic particles and associated contaminants represents a complex stressor with poorly understood health consequences.

2022 Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Sources, Ecotoxicity, Detection & Remediation

This review provides a comprehensive overview of microplastic sources, ecotoxicity, detection methods, and remediation strategies in aquatic environments. Researchers found that microplastics act as carriers for toxic chemicals and pose threats to both marine and freshwater ecosystems as well as human health through drinking water exposure. The study highlights the need for improved detection technologies and effective remediation approaches to address this growing environmental challenge.

2021 Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution: An In-depth Review of its Sources, Formation Mechanisms, Quantification Techniques, Environmental Impacts, Toxicological Effects and Remediation Strategies

This comprehensive review covers the full scope of microplastic pollution, from where microplastics come from and how they form, to how scientists detect and measure them. Researchers summarized the environmental and health impacts of microplastic contamination across ecosystems including water, soil, and air. The study also evaluates current cleanup and remediation strategies, highlighting the need for coordinated global efforts to address this widespread form of pollution.

2025 World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contaminants in the aqueous environment, fate, toxicity consequences, and remediation strategies

This review covers the sources, fate, and toxic effects of microplastic contaminants in aquatic environments, along with current remediation strategies for removing them. Researchers found that microplastics cause various health problems in aquatic organisms and can enter the human food chain through contaminated seafood and water. The study emphasizes the urgent need for improved waste management and novel cleanup technologies to address microplastic pollution in water systems.

2021 Environmental Research 214 citations