Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Review: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R0/PR2

This paper asks whether superabsorbent polymers used in agriculture and personal care products could be the next microplastic concern. Like conventional microplastics, synthetic superabsorbent polymers can persist in soils, affect plant and soil organism health, and may need regulatory attention.

2023
Article Tier 2

Review: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R0/PR3

This peer review evaluates a paper on whether superabsorbent polymers in soil should be considered a new form of microplastics. The review contributes to the scientific discourse on defining and understanding emerging polymer pollutants in agricultural environments.

2023
Article Tier 2

Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics?

This review examines whether superabsorbent polymers used in agriculture, personal care products, and construction could become a new form of microplastic pollution in soil. Researchers found that weathering may transform these polymers into solid plastic-like residues over time, though the specific conditions driving this transformation are not yet well understood. The study suggests more research is needed to determine the long-term environmental fate of these widely used materials.

2024 Cambridge Prisms Plastics 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Recommendation: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R0/PR4

This peer review recommendation evaluates a study on whether superabsorbent polymers in agricultural soil constitute a new category of microplastics. The review process reflects ongoing scientific debate about how to classify and regulate these widely used synthetic polymer materials.

2023
Article Tier 2

Author comment: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R1/PR6

This peer review comment examines whether superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) like polyacrylates and polyacrylamides — widely used in agriculture and hygiene products — should be classified as a new category of microplastics given their uncertain environmental fate. The debate highlights significant gaps in understanding how these synthetic polymers break down and accumulate in soil.

2023
Article Tier 2

Decision: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R0/PR5

This peer review decision evaluates a study asking whether superabsorbent polymers in soil should be classified as a new form of microplastics, given their widespread agricultural use and poorly understood environmental behavior. The review highlights scientific uncertainty around the fate and risks of these synthetic polymer materials.

2023
Article Tier 2

Recommendation: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R1/PR7

Researchers examined whether superabsorbent polymers including polyacrylates and polyacrylamides, widely used in agriculture and personal care products, should be classified as a new category of microplastics given that soil weathering may fundamentally alter their chemical properties and environmental behavior.

2024
Article Tier 2

Superabsorbent Polymers: From long-established, microplastics generating systems, to sustainable, biodegradable and future proof alternatives

This review examined how conventional acrylate-based superabsorbent polymers generate microplastics due to their non-biodegradable nature, and assessed emerging biodegradable alternatives that could provide sustainable, future-proof replacements for hygiene and agricultural applications.

2021 Progress in Polymer Science 183 citations
Article Tier 2

Decision: Superabsorbent polymers in soil: The new microplastics? — R1/PR8

Researchers examined superabsorbent polymers such as polyacrylates and polyacrylamides as a potentially overlooked class of soil plastic pollutants, investigating how weathering in soil changes their intended properties and whether they should be considered a new category of microplastics.

2024
Article Tier 2

Superabsorbent Hydrogels in the Agriculture and Reclamation of Degraded Areas

This review examines superabsorbent hydrogels, polymer materials that can absorb hundreds of times their weight in water, and their use in agriculture and land restoration. Researchers found that while these materials can significantly improve soil water retention and crop yields, concerns remain about chemical leaching and potential microplastic generation as they degrade. The study suggests that more research is needed on the long-term environmental safety of synthetic hydrogels in soil.

2024 Sustainability 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Unveiling the potency of polymers and their environmental implications: an agricultural perspective

Researchers reviewed the expanding use of synthetic polymers in agriculture — including water-retaining superabsorbent polymers and slow-release coatings — and found that while they boost crop yields and conserve water, they also contribute to soil microplastic pollution over time. The review calls for more research into biodegradable alternatives to reduce the long-term environmental burden of plastic-based farming inputs.

2025 Discover Soil. 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Polymeric Hydrogels in Agriculture: Environmental Performance, Sustainability Challenges, and Future Perspectives

A review assessed the environmental performance and degradation behavior of polymeric hydrogels used in agriculture as soil moisture-retaining agents. The study raises concerns about whether these materials break down safely or contribute to microplastic accumulation in farmland soils.

2025 ACS Agricultural Science & Technology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Carboxylated Nanocellulose Superabsorbent: Biodegradation and Soil Water Retention Properties

Researchers tested biodegradable, cellulose-derived superabsorbent polymers for improving soil water retention in agriculture. Unlike conventional petroleum-based superabsorbents, these cellulose-based materials degrade in soil rather than persisting as microplastic particles.

2021 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Development and characterization of a carboxymethyl cellulose-alginate hybrid superabsorbent hydrogel designed for water management in agriculture

Researchers formulated a carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate hydrogel for agricultural water retention, optimizing it to absorb over 1,600 times its weight in water while remaining thermally stable and reusable — offering a bio-based alternative to synthetic superabsorbent polymers that contribute to microplastic pollution in farmland soils.

2025 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Fabrication and Characterization of Biomass-derived Superabsorbent Bio-gel

Not relevant to microplastics — this paper develops and tests bio-based superabsorbent gels made from carboxymethyl cellulose as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based superabsorbent polymers for water retention applications.

2023 Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradable Polyesters in Soil - Real Environmental Hazard or Just a Storm in a Teacup?

This review critically examines whether biodegradable polyesters genuinely degrade in soil environments, finding that under field conditions many degrade slowly and incompletely, forming persistent microplastic particles ('microbioplastics') with largely unknown ecological consequences.

2025
Article Tier 2

Advancements in Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels: Sustainable Solutions across Industries

This review explores how cellulose-based superabsorbent materials, made from sustainable plant sources, are being developed as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic hydrogels for use in agriculture, medicine, and pollution control. These biodegradable materials could help reduce the growing microplastic problem caused by conventional synthetic hydrogels that break down into persistent plastic fragments in the environment.

2024 Gels 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Problems caused by microplastics in soil: Personal perspective

This perspective paper argues that microplastics in soil are an underappreciated legal and regulatory problem and presents experimental evidence showing polyethylene glycol caused water ponding and reduced infiltration by clogging soil pores. The author warns that microplastic polymer effects on soil hydrology could impair agricultural productivity.

2024 Soil Advances 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in agricultural soils: a new challenge not only for agro-environmental policy?

This review addresses microplastic pollution in agricultural soils, identifying farming practices like mulching and sludge application as significant sources and discussing potential impacts on soil health and food safety. It calls for both policy action and more research on microplastic behavior in terrestrial environments.

2019 AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Optimizing biodegradable SAPs: A Systematic study of monovalent counterion effects on citrate-based networks

Researchers systematically studied how monovalent salt concentration affects the properties and biodegradation of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), which are used in diapers and agriculture. Optimizing biodegradable SAPs helps reduce the long-term accumulation of persistent polymer gels in soils and water.

2025 European Polymer Journal 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in soils: A review of methods, occurrence, fate, transport, ecological and environmental risks

This review examines the sources, detection methods, and environmental behavior of microplastics in soils, an area that has received far less attention than marine microplastic pollution. Researchers found that microplastics interact with soil properties and organisms in complex ways, potentially entering the human food chain. The study calls for standardized methods and more research into how these tiny plastic particles move through and affect terrestrial ecosystems.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 465 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental fate and impacts of microplastics in soil ecosystems: Progress and perspective

This review summarized knowledge on microplastics in soil environments, covering occurrence across agricultural, industrial, and urban soils, transport pathways, and ecological risks to soil organisms and plant communities. The authors identify key data gaps and methodological challenges that currently limit understanding of microplastic fate and impact in terrestrial systems.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 509 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in terrestrial environments: Reviewing current understanding to determine the positive and negative aspects of soil

This review examines microplastics in terrestrial soils, covering their sources, distribution, and effects on soil health and organisms. It finds both negative impacts on soil function and organisms, as well as some neutral or context-dependent effects, and identifies key areas for future research.

2023 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Review Tier 2

Origin, Occurrence and Threats of Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review examines how microplastics enter and accumulate in agricultural soils through plastic mulch films, sewage sludge, and fertilizers. Researchers found that polypropylene and polyethylene are the dominant polymers in farmland soils, and that microplastics negatively affect soil microbial communities, harm soil invertebrates, and can induce oxidative stress and cell damage in plants.

2026 Sustainability