Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Degradation of polyethylene microplastics in seawater: Insights into the environmental degradation of polymers

Researchers studied how polyethylene microplastics degrade in artificial seawater and found that exposure led to surface oxidation, cracking, and fragmentation over time. The study suggests that environmental degradation of microplastics in marine settings may generate progressively smaller particles, including nanoplastics, while also releasing chemical additives into surrounding waters.

2018 Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A 219 citations
Article Tier 2

Molecular-Scale Understanding of the Embrittlement in Polyethylene Ocean Debris

Analysis of polyethylene ocean debris revealed that environmental weathering increases crystallinity while disrupting the lamellar structure of the polymer, causing embrittlement and eventual fragmentation into smaller pieces. Understanding this molecular-scale process helps explain how large plastic packaging breaks down into the microplastics found throughout marine environments.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 58 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of polypropylene : proportion of microplastics formed and assessment of their density.

Researchers quantified the proportion of microplastics generated during UV-driven degradation of polypropylene and assessed changes in chemical composition caused by photooxidation. The study found that UV exposure progressively fragments polypropylene and alters its surface chemistry, affecting subsequent environmental behavior and toxicity.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Accelerated photoaging of microplastic - polyethylene terephthalate: physical, chemical, morphological properties and pesticide adsorption

Researchers subjected polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics to accelerated photoaging under simulated sunlight, characterizing changes in surface chemistry, crystallinity, and mechanical properties over time. Photoaging increased surface oxidation, reduced molecular weight, and enhanced the release of plastic additives, suggesting aged PET microplastics present greater chemical hazard than pristine particles.

2024 LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Article Tier 2

Investigating the Physicochemical Property Changes of Plastic Packaging Exposed to UV Irradiation and Different Aqueous Environments

Researchers investigated UV-driven degradation of polypropylene and PET packaging materials under different aqueous conditions, finding that UV exposure caused significant physicochemical changes including increased crystallinity and surface cracking that contribute to microplastic formation.

2022 Microplastics 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Aging assessment of microplastics (LDPE, PET and uPVC) under urban environment stressors

Researchers aged LDPE, PET, and uPVC microplastics using ozone, UV-C, and solar radiation to simulate urban environmental stressors, finding that each aging agent produced distinct changes in surface morphology, chemical structure, and crystallinity that could alter particle behavior in the environment.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 193 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of low-density polyethylene to nanoplastic particles by accelerated weathering

Researchers demonstrated that accelerated weathering of low-density polyethylene produces nanoplastic particles, providing experimental evidence for the degradation pathway from macro-plastics to nanoscale fragments in the environment.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 100 citations
Article Tier 2

Chemical and physical changes of microplastics during sterilization by chlorination

Researchers exposed common plastic types to chlorination conditions used in water and wastewater treatment and measured the resulting chemical and physical changes. They found that polystyrene was most susceptible to degradation from chlorine exposure, while polypropylene was most resistant. The study suggests that wastewater chlorination may alter the surface properties of microplastics, potentially affecting how they interact with contaminants and organisms in the environment.

2019 Water Research 175 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of polypropylene : proportion of microplastics formed and assessment of their density.

This study quantified microplastic formation during UV degradation of polypropylene and characterized the chemical changes in the polymer structure caused by photooxidation. UV exposure was shown to generate new particles and alter chemical composition in ways that may change microplastic toxicity and environmental behavior.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Nanostructural changes in commodity polyethylene during environmental exposure

Researchers studied how polyethylene plastic packaging degrades at the molecular level during environmental exposure, finding that structural stress built up during manufacturing makes the material more prone to fragmentation. Understanding how plastics break apart is key to predicting microplastic generation rates.

2021 Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Peculiarity of the Mechanism of Early Stages of Photo-Oxidative Degradation of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Films in the Presence of Ferric Stearate

This study investigated how ferric stearate (an iron-based additive used in oxo-degradable plastics) accelerates the early stages of polyethylene photo-oxidation, finding that it acts not merely as a catalyst but actively generates radicals that fragment the polymer chain from the outset. While framed as a materials science study, the findings are relevant to the microplastics debate: oxo-degradable plastics marketed as environmentally friendly may in fact fragment more rapidly into persistent microplastic particles rather than fully mineralizing.

2023 Polymers 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparison of surficial modification of micro-sized polyethylenein between by UV/O3 and UVO submerged system

Researchers compared ozone and UV oxidation methods for chemically modifying the surface of polyethylene microplastics in water, finding that different treatment combinations create distinct surface changes. Understanding how weathering alters microplastic surfaces is important for predicting their environmental behavior and toxicity.

2021 Environmental Engineering Research 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhancing plastic waste recycling: Evaluating the impact of additives on the enzymatic polymer degradation

Researchers developed an enzymatic process to break down post-consumer high-density polyethylene using laccase enzyme under mild conditions. They found that removing additives from the plastic was critical, as additive-free polyethylene showed a 33% weight reduction compared to just 3% for plastic with additives intact. The study suggests that plastic additives are a significant barrier to enzymatic recycling and that addressing them could substantially improve biodegradation outcomes.

2023 Catalysis Today 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhancing the Wear Resistance of Low-Density Polyethylene by Conversion into a Thermoset or Graphite-Reinforced Thermoset Nanocomposite, with Implications for Reducing Degradation to Microplastics

Researchers enhanced the wear resistance of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by converting it into a thermoset or graphite-reinforced thermoset nanocomposite using solid-state shear pulverization and dicumyl peroxide crosslinking, substantially reducing microplastic generation from abrasion. The approach demonstrates that thermoset conversion and graphite reinforcement together improve Young's modulus, ultimate strength, and wear performance compared to neat LDPE.

2025
Article Tier 2

Study on the Mechanism of Molecular Weight Reduction of Polyethylene Based on Fe-Montmorillonite and Its Potential Application

Researchers investigated the mechanism by which Fe-montmorillonite accelerates polyethylene molecular weight reduction during photodegradation, finding that iron ions catalyze chain scission before oxidative degradation, offering potential for breaking down PE plastic waste.

2023 Polymers 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Aging behavior of microplastics accelerated by mechanical fragmentation: alteration of intrinsic and extrinsic properties

Researchers mechanically fragmented polystyrene, polypropylene, and PET microplastics to simulate environmental aging, finding that fragmentation alters surface chemistry, crystallinity, and heavy metal adsorption capacity, with aging degree measurable through structural changes.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21 citations
Article Tier 2

From macroplastic to microplastic: Degradation of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene in a salt marsh habitat

Researchers subjected high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and other plastics to simulated environmental degradation and tracked their fragmentation from macro- to microplastic sizes, characterizing surface changes and particle generation rates.

2016 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 533 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding the hazards induced by microplastics in different environmental conditions

Researchers subjected four common plastic types to accelerated aging under UV light, enzyme exposure, and seawater conditions to understand how environmental stress transforms microplastics. They found that seawater conditions caused the greatest size reduction, with polyethylene shrinking by over 87%, along with significant chemical changes including the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. The study suggests that environmentally weathered microplastics, particularly polyethylene exposed to ocean conditions, may pose greater potential health hazards than pristine particles.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 68 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhanced degradation of microplastics by laccase under ambient conditions: Analysis of underlying molecular mechanisms

This study demonstrated that the enzyme laccase can degrade three types of microplastics — polyethylene (PE), PET, and PLA — by breaking apart polymer chains and transforming surface chemical groups, with biodegradable PLA showing the highest degradation efficiency. The mechanistic insights into how reactive oxygen species and electron transfer drive enzymatic degradation provide a foundation for developing enzyme-based treatments to remove microplastics from water and soil.

2026 Journal of Hazardous Materials
Article Tier 2

Fate and environmental behaviors of microplastics through the lens of free radical

Researchers reviewed how free radicals influence the fate and environmental behavior of microplastics, including surface degradation, chemical release, and changes in crystallinity and water affinity. The study found that while free radicals can cause weathering and fragmentation of microplastics in the environment, high concentrations of free radicals with strong oxidation potential can also be harnessed to effectively degrade microplastic pollutants.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 60 citations