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Papers
61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Advances in Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosome on Immune Cells in Scar Formation
ClearTumorigenic and tumoricidal properties of exosomes in cancers; a forward look
This review explores how tiny cell-released vesicles called exosomes can either promote or fight cancer by transferring signaling molecules between cells. While not directly about microplastics, the research is relevant because nanoplastics are similar in size to exosomes and may interfere with these important cell communication pathways. Understanding how nanoscale particles affect cell signaling could help explain some of the biological effects of nanoplastic exposure.
Matrix Nanoscale Mechanics Regulates Exosome Production by Mesenchymal Stem Cells
This paper is not relevant to microplastics research — it examines how the mechanical stiffness of a cell culture matrix affects exosome production by mesenchymal stem cells, a biomedical engineering study.
Silent saboteurs: How microplastics disrupt stem cells and tissue regeneration
This review synthesizes evidence that microplastics disrupt stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation across multiple tissue types, raising concerns about the implications for tissue regeneration, wound healing, and long-term organ homeostasis.
Distinct targeting and uptake of platelet and red blood cell‐derived extracellular vesicles into immune cells
This study examined how tiny vesicles (small bubble-like particles) released by platelets and red blood cells interact with immune cells. Platelet-derived vesicles were taken up by certain immune cells much faster than red blood cell vesicles, and neither type affected T-cells. While not directly about microplastics, the research is relevant because it helps scientists understand how small particles in the blood, including nanoplastics, might interact with the immune system.
Microplastic and Extracellular Vesicle Interactions: Recent Studies on Human Health and Environment Risks
This review explores the newly discovered relationship between microplastics and extracellular vesicles, tiny particles that cells use to communicate with each other. Evidence indicates that microplastics can alter how these vesicles are distributed and what molecular signals they carry, potentially disrupting normal cell communication. Understanding this interaction could provide important insights into how microplastic exposure may contribute to inflammation, metabolic changes, and other health effects.
The Impact of Microplastics on Biological Systems: A Focus on Extracellular Vesicles and miRNA Profiles
This review examines how microplastics affect biological systems with a focus on extracellular vesicles, discussing how MP exposure alters vesicle release and composition in ways that may propagate cellular stress signals throughout tissues and contribute to systemic health effects.
Mitigating microplastic-induced organ Damage: Mechanistic insights from the microplastic-macrophage axes
This review is the first comprehensive examination of how microplastics interact with macrophages, the immune cells responsible for engulfing and removing foreign particles from the body. When macrophages absorb microplastics, the resulting oxidative stress disrupts their normal function, leading to inflammation and organ damage, with gut bacteria potentially playing a role in this harmful process.
Detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on platelet and neutrophil immunity: Recent findings and emerging insights
Researchers reviewed how micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) harm the immune system, finding that tiny plastic particles can trigger dangerous inflammation in platelets and neutrophils — immune cells that control clotting and infection defense. These effects could disrupt normal blood vessel function and immune balance, though the exact mechanisms by which cells take up MNPs remain poorly understood.
The Emerging Threat of Micro- and Nanoplastics on the Maturation and Activity of Immune Cells
This review examines how micro and nanoplastics affect the immune system, focusing on their impact on immune cell development and function. Studies show that these tiny plastic particles can alter how immune cells mature and respond to threats, potentially weakening the body's defenses or triggering excessive inflammation. Since humans are constantly exposed to microplastics through food, water, and air, understanding these immune effects is critical for assessing long-term health risks.
Origin matters – investigating the immunomodulatory effects of primary and secondary micro- and nanoplastics on human macrophages.
This study compared the immunomodulatory effects of primary microplastics with secondary microplastics derived from environmental plastic fragmentation, testing responses in macrophages. Results showed that the origin of microplastic particles influences the immune response they trigger.
Impacts of microplastics on immunity
This review examines the growing evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics can affect the immune system, covering studies in marine organisms, mammals, and human cell lines. Researchers found that these particles can trigger inflammation, alter immune cell function, and disrupt immune signaling pathways. The study underscores the need for more immunological research to fully understand how plastic particle exposure may compromise immune health in humans.
Nanoplastics and Immunity: Investigating the Extracellular Matrix’s Influence on Macrophage Interaction with Polystyrene Nanoparticles
Researchers investigated how extracellular matrix components affect macrophage uptake of polystyrene nanoplastics, finding that the surrounding matrix modulates nanoplastic-immune cell interactions — with implications for understanding how nanoplastics evade or engage the innate immune response.
Origin matters – investigating the immunomodulatory effects of primary and secondary micro- and nanoplastics on human macrophages.
This study compared immune responses triggered by primary microplastics versus secondary microplastics derived from environmental weathering, using macrophage models. Secondary microplastics, which are more environmentally realistic, produced distinct immunomodulatory effects compared to primary particles.
Mitochondria-Targeted Biomaterials-Regulating Macrophage Polarization Opens New Perspectives for Disease Treatment
This review explores how new biomaterials can be designed to target mitochondria inside immune cells called macrophages, steering them between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory states to treat diseases. While not directly about microplastics, the review is relevant because microplastic exposure is known to cause mitochondrial damage and trigger inflammatory immune responses through these same pathways. Understanding how to control macrophage behavior through mitochondria could lead to treatments for inflammation caused by environmental pollutants like microplastics.
Micro- and Nanoplastics and the Immune System: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions
This review synthesizes experimental evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt immune system function, documenting effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T and B cells across multiple organs including the placenta, lungs, blood, and brain. The authors identify key mechanistic pathways and call for standardized exposure studies to clarify real-world health risks.
The impact of gut microbial signals on hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment
This review explores how gut bacteria influence the production and development of blood cells in the bone marrow by sending chemical signals through microbial byproducts. While not directly about microplastics, the research is highly relevant because microplastics are known to disrupt gut bacteria communities. If microplastics alter the gut microbiome, they could indirectly affect blood cell production and immune function through this gut-bone marrow connection.
Alveolar macrophages promote lung organoid outgrowth but do not protect against negative effects of PA6,6 microplastics on developing airway organoids
Researchers added alveolar macrophages to developing airway organoids to test whether these immune cells protect lung tissue from the harmful effects of polyamide 6,6 microplastics. Macrophages promoted organoid growth but failed to shield airway cells from microplastic-induced damage, with leaching chemicals rather than the particles themselves being responsible for toxicity.
Stem Cells and Innate Immunity in Aquatic Invertebrates: Bridging Two Seemingly Disparate Disciplines for New Discoveries in Biology
This review examined the interplay between stem cells and innate immunity in aquatic invertebrates, finding that understanding these interactions has broad implications for ecotoxicology and assessing microplastic impacts on marine organism health and regeneration.
Effects of micro- and nanoplastic exposure on macrophages: a review of molecular and cellular mechanisms
This review details how macrophages, key immune cells, respond when they engulf micro- and nanoplastics. The particles trigger inflammatory signaling, damage mitochondria and lysosomes, cause excessive production of harmful reactive oxygen species, and can lead to cell death, while in fat tissue they promote fat buildup and insulin resistance.
Micro- and Nanoplastics and the Immune System: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions
This review summarizes how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt the human immune system at the cellular level, impairing key immune cells like macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. The particles trigger chronic low-grade inflammation through oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory pathways, and can worsen autoimmune conditions like lupus and inflammatory bowel disease in animal studies. These findings raise concerns that ongoing microplastic exposure could gradually weaken immune function and contribute to immune-related diseases in people.
Effect of micro- and nanoplastics as food contaminants on the immune system
This review synthesized research on how microplastic and nanoplastic exposure affects immune system function, finding evidence across multiple studies that these particles can modulate immune responses and trigger inflammatory pathways in exposed organisms. The authors highlight immune disruption as an emerging health concern from micro- and nanoplastic contamination.
Immune Disruption and Disease Development by Microplastic Exposure
This review synthesized growing evidence that microplastic and nanoplastic exposure disrupts the human immune system, covering how particles ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin can trigger inflammation, impair immune cell function, and potentially contribute to autoimmune and allergic conditions.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells showed an alteration of differentiation potential under Environmental Micro and Nanoplastics Exposure
Researchers evaluated the effects of micro and nanoplastics from water bottles on human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, finding that exposure altered their differentiation potential in ways that could impair tissue renewal and homeostasis. The study used multiple plastic particle sizes to assess how environmental MPs affect these stem-like progenitor cells.
Tuning Cellular Perception in Pluripotent Stem Cells through Topography, Stiffness, and Patterning
Researchers reviewed how physical surface features like texture, stiffness, and micro-scale patterns influence how stem cells grow and specialize. They found that carefully engineered surface cues can guide stem cell development without chemical signals, which has implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. While not directly about microplastics, the study is relevant to understanding how micro-scale particles in the body might interact with cells at the physical level.