Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Accumulation of microplastics in predatory birds near a densely populated urban area

Researchers found microplastics in every single digestive tract examined from four species of predatory birds near a major city, and 65% also had microplastics in their respiratory systems. On average, each bird contained about 8 microplastic particles, mostly fibers, likely ingested through contaminated prey. This is the first study to document microplastic contamination in the breathing organs of birds of prey, showing how plastic pollution moves up the food chain.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigation of Microplastic Accumulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Birds of Prey

Microplastics and plastic-associated pollutants were found in the gastrointestinal tracts of birds of prey, confirming that plastic contamination is transferring up food chains to apex predators. This raises concerns about endocrine disruption and toxic accumulation in wildlife and potentially humans.

2019 Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Widespread microplastic and nanoplastic contamination in the intestines of birds: A case study from Chengdu, China

Researchers found microplastics and nanoplastics in the intestines of 49 bird species in Chengdu, China, with PVC and chlorinated polyethylene being the most common types. Nanoplastics, which are harder to detect and potentially more harmful, were confirmed in five species using advanced analytical methods. The widespread contamination across many bird species suggests that microplastic pollution has thoroughly penetrated terrestrial food webs, not just marine environments.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Unraveling Plastic Pollution in Protected Terrestrial Raptors Using Regurgitated Pellets

Regurgitated pellets from six protected raptor species in Spain contained microplastics and artificial fibers, with prevalence and composition varying by species and feeding ecology, providing the first evidence of plastic pollution in terrestrial birds of prey via their prey items.

2024 Microplastics 8 citations
Article Tier 2

How do life history and behaviour influence plastic ingestion risk in Canadian freshwater and terrestrial birds?

Researchers examined 457 wild birds in Canada and found that about 5% had visible plastic debris in their digestive tracts, with non-raptor species being nine times more likely to ingest plastic than raptors. When they looked more closely at raptor intestines, they found microplastic particles in all 54 birds tested, even though few had larger plastic pieces. The study identifies certain bird species as potential sentinels for monitoring microplastic pollution in freshwater and land environments.

2024 Environmental Pollution 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic accumulation in the gastrointestinal tracts of nestling and adult migratory birds

Researchers examined microplastic accumulation in the gastrointestinal tracts of both nestling and adult migratory birds across six species, finding widespread plastic ingestion with fibers predominating, suggesting that microplastic exposure begins early in avian life stages.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 89 citations
Article Tier 2

Tracing microplastics in environmental sources and migratory shorebirds along the Central Asian Flyway

Researchers tracked microplastic contamination along migratory bird routes in central Asia, testing mudflats, mangroves, and the birds themselves. They found microplastics in both the environment and the digestive tracts of shorebirds, showing that these pollutants are moving through coastal food webs and may be carried across continents by migrating birds.

2025 Marine Pollution Bulletin 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing microplastic and nanoplastic contamination in bird lungs: evidence of ecological risks and bioindicator potential

Researchers examined the lungs of 51 bird species and found microplastics in all of them, averaging over 400 particles per gram of lung tissue, with nanoplastics also detected in five species tested. Birds may serve as early warning indicators of airborne plastic pollution, and the widespread contamination of their lungs suggests that humans breathing the same air face similar exposure risks.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic accumulation in the gastrointestinal tracts in birds of prey in central Florida, USA

Microplastics were found in the gastrointestinal tracts of all 63 birds of prey examined from eight species in central Florida, with an average of nearly 12 plastic pieces per bird and microfibers making up 86% of the total. Processed cellulose was the most common material identified, followed by PET and a polyamide blend.

2020 Environmental Pollution 266 citations
Article Tier 2

Differences in microplastics in passerine feces across species, diet, and foraging location

Researchers analyzed fecal samples from five passerine bird species and found microplastics in all of them, with ground-foraging species carrying higher particle loads and insectivores ingesting more fragment-shaped particles than omnivores — suggesting that feeding behavior and habitat determine which bird species face the greatest microplastic exposure risk.

2026 The Science of The Total Environment
Article Tier 2

Microplastics presence in wild bird species through an environmental forensic lens

This study examined microplastic presence in wild bird species using an environmental forensics approach, finding plastic particles across multiple bird taxa in ecosystems ranging from urban to remote. The results highlight wild birds as both sentinels of and victims of plastic pollution.

2024 e_Buah
Article Tier 2

Assessing plastic ingestion in birds of prey from British Columbia, Canada

Researchers examined the stomach contents of 234 birds of prey from 15 species in British Columbia and found that only 5 individuals — mostly bald eagles and barred owls — had ingested plastic particles larger than 2 mm. The low detection rate suggests raptors may not commonly retain larger plastic pieces, but the authors recommend studying microplastic accumulation in these birds as a next step.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in the pellets of the Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) as terrestrial bioindicators across contrasting landscapes in Türkiye

Researchers examined regurgitated pellets from Egyptian vultures across two regions of Türkiye and found microplastics in 93% of them, with fibers and PET (the plastic in drink bottles) being the most common types. The findings suggest these endangered birds can serve as living monitors for land-based microplastic pollution, reflecting contamination moving through the food chain.

2025 Environmental Sciences Europe
Article Tier 2

The threat of microplastics: Exploring pollution in coastal ecosystems and migratory shorebirds along the west coast of India

Researchers surveyed microplastic contamination across ten coastal sites on India's west coast, testing water, sediment, invertebrate prey, and shorebird droppings. Microplastics, mostly fibers, were found in all sample types, with water identified as the primary pathway for spreading plastics through the food chain. The study demonstrates how microplastics move from water through prey animals to top predators, illustrating the food chain transfer that ultimately could affect human seafood consumption.

2023 Marine Pollution Bulletin 30 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics

This systematic review found microplastics in over 200 bird species across the globe, from Antarctica to South Europe. Birds can suffer gut damage, oxidative stress, and toxic chemical buildup from ingesting plastics — a warning sign for broader ecosystem and food chain contamination that could affect humans too.

2025 Birds 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in an apex predator: evidence from Barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets in two sites with different levels of anthropization

Researchers found evidence of microplastic contamination in barn owl pellets collected from two sites with different levels of human activity, marking the first such study of its kind. Several polymer types were identified in the pellets, indicating that microplastics are moving through terrestrial food chains to reach apex predators. The findings suggest that even wildlife in relatively natural landscapes is exposed to microplastic pollution through their prey.

2024 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastics and other anthropogenic debris in freshwater birds from Canada.

This study quantified plastic debris ingestion in 17 freshwater and one marine bird species across Canada, finding that over 11% of individuals had ingested anthropogenic debris. The results show that plastic pollution in freshwater environments affects birds at rates comparable to marine species, highlighting the need to extend plastic pollution monitoring beyond the ocean.

2016 The Science of the total environment
Article Tier 2

Microscopic anthropogenic waste ingestion by small terrestrial European passerines: evidence from finch and tit families

Researchers examined the stomachs and intestines of nine common European songbird species — finches and tits — to see how much microscopic waste they were ingesting. Of 149 birds tested, 31 contained particles including 7 confirmed microplastics (polyethylene, PET, and polystyrene), along with cellulosic fibers like cotton and rayon. Finches ingested more than tits, and ingestion rates were higher outside the breeding season. Because these small birds are prey for larger animals, they may be passing microplastics up the food chain.

2025 Scientific Reports 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Birds as bioindicators of plastic pollution in terrestrial and freshwater environments: A 30-year review

This 30-year review of 106 studies examines how birds in freshwater and land environments are affected by plastic pollution. Most research has focused on larger plastic pieces, while microplastic exposure in these bird species is understudied and nanoplastic exposure has not been investigated at all. The authors urge researchers to develop standardized methods for measuring small plastic particles in birds, which could serve as valuable warning signs of plastic pollution across ecosystems.

2024 Environmental Pollution 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Presence of plastic particles in waterbirds faeces collected in Spanish lakes

Researchers analyzed feces from three waterbird species (coot, mallard, shelduck) at five inland wetlands in Spain, finding plastic debris in 44–60% of individuals, suggesting that freshwater waterfowl ingest plastic at frequencies comparable to marine seabirds, likely from agricultural plastic debris surrounding the lakes.

2016 Environmental Pollution 104 citations
Article Tier 2

High microplastic pollution in birds of urban waterbodies revealed by non-invasively collected faecal samples

Researchers analyzed bird droppings from urban freshwater habitats in Germany and found microplastic particles, mainly fibers, in 98% of samples across all species studied. The pollution levels were substantially higher than those reported in other freshwater bird studies, likely reflecting the heavy contamination of urban waterways. Since all the investigated species are at least partially migratory, the findings suggest birds may transport microplastics over long distances.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic accumulation in various bird species in Turkey

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in 12 bird species in Turkey, providing the first data of its kind for the country. They found microplastics in all species examined, with variations in particle types and concentrations across different birds. The study contributes to the growing evidence that microplastic pollution affects wildlife across diverse habitats and feeding strategies.

2025 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Shorebird droppings analysis: Microplastics and heavy metals in a key conservation reserve and adjoining sand beaches in the west coast of India

Researchers analyzed droppings from ten migratory shorebird species at a conservation reserve on India's west coast and found microplastics and heavy metals in samples from all species. The contamination levels varied by species and season, reflecting differences in diet and habitat use. Since shorebirds are top predators in coastal food webs, their contamination indicates widespread microplastic and heavy metal pollution throughout the coastal ecosystem.

2024 Marine Pollution Bulletin 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Garbage Dump Use, Mortality, and Microplastic Exposure of Raptors in Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fuego Province, Southern Argentina

Raptors near a garbage dump in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina were found to have microplastics in their gastrointestinal tracts, linking dump use to microplastic ingestion and raising concerns about exposure effects in these birds.

2021 Journal of Raptor Research 20 citations