Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Toxicity and mechanism analysis of microplastics

This review summarized experimental evidence on the toxicity and mechanisms of action of microplastics across animal models, covering effects from ingestion including organ damage, oxidative stress, and immune disruption. The synthesis aimed to inform risk assessment for environmental and human health impacts of microplastic exposure.

2024 Transactions on Materials Biotechnology and Life Sciences
Review Tier 2

Toxicity and biomarkers of micro-plastic in aquatic environment: a review

This review synthesizes literature on the toxicity and biomarker responses of aquatic organisms to microplastics, covering uptake routes, bioavailability factors, and both lethal and sub-lethal effects. It highlights oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and genotoxicity as consistent toxic mechanisms across diverse aquatic species.

2020 Biomarkers 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Cellular and Systemic Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Mammals—What We Know So Far

This review summarized known cellular and systemic effects of micro- and nanoplastics in mammals, finding that while ingestion is common, knowledge of health impacts remains limited, with oxidative stress and inflammation as the most reported biological responses.

2023 Materials 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nano-plastics activation of oxidative and inflammatory adverse outcome pathways

This review maps the biological harm caused by micro- and nanoplastics to formal toxicity pathways, finding that oxidative stress is a common starting point for damage at every level from cells to whole organisms. Researchers found that in ecological settings, this oxidative damage cascades into growth inhibition and behavioral changes, while in human health contexts it may trigger inflammatory responses. The study highlights that more mammalian research is needed to fully define the health risks of plastic particle exposure.

2020 Redox Biology 566 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparative Metabolomic Approaches to Nanoplastic Toxicity in Mammalian and Aquatic Systems

This review compared metabolomic approaches used to characterize nanoplastic toxicity across mammalian and aquatic biological systems, synthesizing data on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic pathway disruption. The authors found convergent metabolic signatures—particularly in amino acid and lipid metabolism—across diverse organisms, suggesting common toxicological mechanisms regardless of species.

2025 International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Review Tier 2

A comprehensive review of the impact of microplastics on aquatic organisms: From ingestion to ecological consequences

This comprehensive review assessed the impacts of microplastics on diverse aquatic organisms—including fish, marine mammals, mollusks, crustaceans, and microorganisms—from ingestion through ecological-level consequences. The authors found that microplastics cause physical injury, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and behavioral changes across taxa, with downstream effects on food web structure and ecosystem function.

2025 Applied Chemical Engineering
Article Tier 2

Micro-and Nanoplastic-Induced Biochemical Toxicity: Emerging Mechanisms and Health Risks Across Biological Systems

This comprehensive review synthesizes current understanding of how micro- and nanoplastics cause biochemical toxicity across biological systems, from plants and invertebrates to vertebrates and humans. Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, membrane disruption, immune activation, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and microbiome perturbation, all modulated by particle size, shape, and surface chemistry. The authors highlight critical gaps in standardization, chronic low-dose effect data, and the need for translatable biomarkers for risk assessment.

2026 IDOSR JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ALLIED FIELDS
Article Tier 2

Animal exposure to microplastics and health effects: A review

Researchers reviewed how microplastic exposure affects animals across terrestrial and aquatic environments, finding that species suffer physical harm, chemical contamination from pollutants that stick to plastic surfaces, inflammation, and behavioral changes. Because microplastics accumulate up the food chain, the review warns that animals entering the human food supply may carry these particles into our bodies.

2024 Emerging contaminants 117 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity and Health Effects of Microplastics

This chapter provides an overview of the toxic effects microplastics have on a wide range of organisms, from marine and freshwater species to soil-dwelling creatures and humans. Researchers discuss how microplastics accumulate in living organisms and the mechanisms by which they cause harm, including oxidative stress and inflammation. The study also examines how microplastics can amplify the toxicity of other environmental pollutants when they occur together.

2025 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Biological Effects of Microplastics: A Review.

Researchers reviewed how microplastics harm a wide range of living things, finding they cause physical damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive problems in aquatic animals, while also carrying toxic chemicals and dangerous bacteria into organisms. Major gaps remain in understanding the effects of long-term low-dose exposure and the risks posed by even tinier nanoplastics.

2025 Mağallaẗ ʻulūm al-rāfidayn
Review Tier 2

Toxicological consequences of microplastics pollution on aquatic Li Ving organisms: a review

This review examines the toxicological consequences of microplastic pollution on aquatic organisms, summarizing effects on growth, reproduction, oxidative stress, and endocrine function across fish, invertebrate, and algae model species.

2024 Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile

This review examines current trends in marine microplastic pollution and the mechanisms through which these particles cause toxicity in marine organisms. Researchers found that microplastics can cause physical damage to digestive tracts, transfer absorbed chemical pollutants to tissues, and trigger inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The study highlights the growing scale of the problem as global plastic production continues to rise.

2019 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 783 citations
Article Tier 2

Overview of the ecotoxicological impacts of micro and nanoplastics in aquatic environments

This review summarises the ecotoxicological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on marine and freshwater ecosystems, covering mechanisms including physical damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, reproductive impairment, and metabolic disruption in aquatic species. It also discusses bioaccumulation and trophic transfer dynamics.

2025 Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota: a review

This review examines the ecological impact of microplastics on organisms across different levels of the food chain, from plankton to fish. Researchers found that microplastic exposure triggers a range of harmful effects including oxidative stress, immune disruption, reproductive problems, and altered feeding behavior. The evidence suggests that microplastics pose a widespread toxicological threat to wildlife, though more research is needed to understand the long-term population-level consequences.

2018 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 786 citations
Article Tier 2

From plankton to fish: The multifaceted threat of microplastics in freshwater environments

This review summarizes how microplastics harm freshwater organisms from tiny plankton to fish through oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, gut microbiome disruption, and metabolic disorders. Microplastics often combine with other pollutants in water, making their toxic effects even worse. Since freshwater systems are a major pathway for microplastics entering oceans and our food supply, understanding these effects is critical for protecting both ecosystems and human health.

2025 Aquatic Toxicology 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Examine How Microplastics and Macroplastics in Freshwater and Marine Habitats Affect Aquatic Species and Ecosystems

This review examines how both microplastics and macroplastics harm aquatic organisms and ecosystems in freshwater and marine environments, summarizing evidence of physical injury, chemical toxicity, and food web disruption.

2023 Kaav International Journal of Science Engineering & Technology A Peer Review Quarterly Journal
Article Tier 2

A critical review of the ecotoxic effects of microplastics on aquatic, soil and atmospheric ecosystems and current research challenges

This review summarizes how microplastics cause toxic effects across water, soil, and air ecosystems by triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupting metabolic pathways in exposed organisms. The research highlights that while we know microplastics cause harm at the cellular level, there are still major gaps in understanding exactly how much exposure is dangerous for human health.

2025 Environmental Research 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicological Impacts of Micro and Nanoplastics on Marine Fauna

This review examines the ecotoxicological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on marine fauna, detailing how these particles enter food chains through ingestion, accumulate across trophic levels, and cause physical and chemical harm including oxidative stress, inflammation, reproductive disruption, and mortality. The authors highlight the compounding threat when plastics act as vectors for adsorbed pollutants.

2020 Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography 17 citations
Article Tier 2

From natural environment to animal tissues: A review of microplastics(nanoplastics) translocation and hazards studies

This review summarizes how micro- and nanoplastics travel from the environment into animal bodies through water, food, air, and even skin contact, then move through the bloodstream to accumulate in organs. Once inside, these particles cause oxidative stress, inflammation, gut damage, reproductive harm, and nervous system effects across many animal species. The findings strongly suggest that similar pathways of exposure and harm could apply to humans.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 233 citations
Article Tier 2

Oxidative and Inflammatory Potential of Nano/Microplastics in Living Organisms

This review examines the growing body of evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses across a wide range of animals, though the findings are often inconsistent and sometimes contradictory. The authors conclude that plastic particle weathering can alter these effects in complex ways, and call for standardized, systematic research to establish clearer dose-response relationships before firm regulatory conclusions can be drawn.

2023 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Impacts of Microplastic Exposure on Animal Physiology and Health: A Global Perspective

This global review synthesized evidence on microplastic health effects across diverse animal species and environments, covering physical damage, inflammatory responses, chemical toxicity, and behavioral changes. The authors emphasized long-term chronic toxicity as a key concern and highlighted microplastics' role as vectors for harmful substances within food chains.

2025 UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
Article Tier 2

Toxicological impact of micro- and nano-plastics on organisms of soil and water, plants, and humans: a comprehensive review.

This review examined the toxicological impacts of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPLs) on soil and aquatic organisms, plants, and humans. It synthesized evidence of cellular damage, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and reproductive toxicity across multiple biological levels.

2025 Environmental science and pollution research international
Article Tier 2

Environmental and Morphological Detrimental Effects of Microplastics on Marine Organisms to Human Health

This review summarizes evidence that microplastics cause physical damage, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and reproductive harm across marine organisms from plankton to fish, and traces the pathway by which marine microplastic exposure may ultimately affect human health.

2022 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental toxicology of marine microplastic pollution

This review summarized a decade of research on the environmental toxicology of marine microplastic pollution across different ocean organisms and trophic levels. Researchers found that microplastics can accumulate in marine life from phytoplankton to fish, causing molecular, metabolic, and physiological harm. The study emphasizes that understanding these toxic effects is essential for assessing the broader ecological risks of plastic pollution in ocean environments.

2023 Cambridge Prisms Plastics 32 citations