Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Removal of nanoparticles (both inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics) in drinking water treatment – coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and sand/granular activated carbon filtration

Researchers reviewed the removal of inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics during conventional drinking water treatment, finding that coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation and sand/granular activated carbon filtration can substantially reduce nanoparticle concentrations but with variable efficiency depending on particle type.

2022 Environmental Science Water Research & Technology 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Adsorption of Lead from Effluents Using Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study for Wastewater Treatment

This paper is not about microplastics — it evaluates synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as an adsorbent for removing lead from contaminated water, addressing heavy metal pollution in wastewater treatment.

2023 Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Coagulation of TiO2, CeO2 nanoparticles, and polystyrene nanoplastics in bottled mineral and surface waters. Effect of water properties, coagulant type, and dosage

Polyaluminum chloride was more effective than iron chloride at coagulating TiO2, CeO2 nanoparticles, and polystyrene nanoplastics in drinking water sources, requiring lower doses to achieve particle removal. Nanoplastics were harder to coagulate than metal oxide nanoparticles, indicating that current water treatment practices may inadequately remove plastic nanoparticles from drinking water.

2020 Water Environment Research 44 citations
Review Tier 2

Review of Advanced Water Treatment for Removal of Nanoplastic Pollution

This review evaluates drinking water treatment technologies for removing nanoplastics, finding that combined coagulation, flocculation, and filtration achieves up to 99.9% removal efficiency. As nanoplastics are detected in drinking water globally and cannot be degraded in the environment or human body, identifying effective removal processes is directly relevant to protecting public health.

2023 CIVED 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Treatment processes for microplastics and nanoplastics in waters: State-of-the-art review

This review summarized established and emerging treatment processes for removing microplastics and nanoplastics from drinking water and wastewater, evaluating coagulation, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, and biological treatment in terms of removal efficiency and operational feasibility.

2021 Marine Pollution Bulletin 102 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding and Improving Microplastic Removal during Water Treatment: Impact of Coagulation and Flocculation

Researchers systematically tested coagulation and flocculation for removing microplastics from drinking water, finding that removal efficiency depended strongly on plastic particle size and whether particles had been weathered, with smaller pristine particles being the hardest to remove.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 424 citations
Article Tier 2

From Mineral Salts to Smart Hybrids: Coagulation–Flocculation at the Nexus of Water, Energy, and Resources – A Critical Review

A review traced innovations in coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation treatment from simple mineral salts to advanced hybrid nanomaterial additives for water purification. These advances are relevant to improving the efficiency of removing microplastics during conventional water treatment.

2025 Preprints.org 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Laboratory and Commercial Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Adsorption onto Coconut Husk: Characterization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Researchers investigated the adsorption of laboratory-synthesized and commercial zinc oxide nanoparticles onto raw coconut husk, conducting batch adsorption studies and characterizing samples by XRD, FESEM, and spectroscopic techniques to evaluate coconut husk as a biosorbent for ZnO-NP removal from water.

2020 Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 18 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Natural-based coagulants/flocculants for microplastics and nanoplastics removal via coagulation–flocculation: a systematic review

This systematic review evaluates how natural plant-based materials can be used to remove microplastics and nanoplastics from water through coagulation and flocculation processes. The findings show that these sustainable, nature-derived alternatives can effectively capture plastic particles during water treatment, offering a greener approach to reducing microplastic contamination in our drinking water.

2026 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Article Tier 2

Removal efficiency and adsorption mechanisms of CeO2 nanoparticles onto granular activated carbon used in drinking water treatment plants

Researchers investigated how well granular activated carbon (GAC), commonly used in drinking water treatment, can remove cerium oxide nanoparticles. The study found that GAC achieved removal efficiencies of up to 75% in natural lake water, with adsorption driven primarily by electrostatic attraction and enhanced by the presence of divalent cations and natural organic matter.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 53 citations
Article Tier 2

Strategies for determining heteroaggregation attachment efficiencies of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic environments

Researchers developed strategies for determining heteroaggregation attachment efficiencies of engineered nanoparticles with suspended particulate matter in aquatic environments, providing a practical roadmap for understanding nanoparticle fate in natural water systems.

2020 Environmental Science Nano 85 citations
Article Tier 2

The removal of microplastics from water by coagulation: A comprehensive review

This review comprehensively examined coagulation as a technology for removing microplastics from drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, analyzing the mechanisms, influencing factors, and effectiveness of different coagulants for microplastic removal.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 151 citations
Article Tier 2

From Mineral Salts to Smart Hybrids: Coagulation–Flocculation at the Nexus of Water, Energy, and Resources—A Critical Review

This review traces six decades of coagulation-flocculation water treatment research, covering the evolution from simple inorganic aluminum and iron salts to hybrid biosourced and polymer coagulants, comparing their efficiency for removing turbidity, organic matter, and micropollutants.

2025 Processes 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards a better understanding of CeO2 manufactured nanoparticles adsorption onto sand grains used in drinking water treatment plants

Researchers studied how cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles — used in industry and increasingly found in waterways — stick to the sand filters used in drinking water treatment plants. They found that under acidic conditions, electrostatic attraction pulls the nanoparticles onto sand surfaces, but under realistic lake-water conditions, natural organic matter causes them to clump and settle instead, limiting how well the filters remove them.

2022 Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Multiple roles of dissolved organic matter on typical engineered nanomaterials: environmental behaviors, pollutants removal and potential risks

This review examines how dissolved organic matter in natural water interacts with engineered nanomaterials, influencing their environmental behavior, pollutant removal capacity, and potential ecological risks in aquatic systems.

2022 Carbon Research 28 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

Recent advances in microplastic removal from drinking water by coagulation: Removal mechanisms and influencing factors

A meta-analysis and random forest model found that coagulation can effectively remove microplastics from drinking water, with particle shape being the most important factor affecting removal efficiency, followed by coagulant type and dosage. Charge neutralization is the dominant mechanism for small microplastics, while adsorption bridging and sweeping work better for larger particles.

2024 Environmental Pollution 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Coagulative removal of microplastics from aqueous matrices: Recent progresses and future perspectives

This review examines how coagulation, a common water treatment technique, can be used to remove microplastics from water. Researchers compared the effectiveness of different coagulants, finding that natural options like chitosan and protein-based coagulants achieved removal rates above 90 percent. The study highlights the promise of natural coagulants as a more sustainable approach to tackling microplastic contamination in water treatment systems.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 71 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics removal by coagulation: cutting-edge coagulants and coagulation processes

This review examines how coagulation, a water treatment process that clumps particles together for easier removal, can be used to filter microplastics from water. Researchers summarize recent advances in coagulant materials, including novel hybrid formulations, and the factors that influence their effectiveness. The study highlights coagulation as a practical and scalable approach for addressing microplastic contamination in water treatment systems.

2024 Pigment & Resin Technology 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Retention of ZnO nanoparticles onto polypropylene and polystyrene microplastics: Aging-associated interactions and the role of aqueous chemistry

Researchers investigated how zinc oxide nanoparticles attach to polypropylene and polystyrene microplastics under different water chemistry conditions. They found that UV-aged microplastics retained significantly more nanoparticles than fresh ones, and water pH and natural organic matter influenced the interaction. The study suggests that weathered microplastics in the environment are more effective at carrying metal contaminants, potentially increasing ecological risks.

2024 Environmental Pollution 20 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastic removal by coagulation/flocculation: A review and bibliometric analysis

This review of existing research found that a common water treatment method called coagulation (where chemicals help clump particles together so they can be removed) works well at filtering out microplastics from drinking water and wastewater. The treatment is especially good at removing larger microplastic pieces, but struggles with the tiniest ones under 10 micrometers. This matters because microplastics are showing up everywhere in our water supply, and this research suggests we already have proven technology that could help reduce our exposure to these plastic particles.

2026 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances
Article Tier 2

A comparative study on the stability and coagulation removal of aged vs. nonaged nanoplastics in surface water

Researchers used palladium-doped nanoplastics as tracers to compare how environmentally aged and pristine nanoplastics behave during water treatment coagulation. They found that ozone-aged nanoplastics developed more oxygen-containing surface groups, making them harder to remove through conventional coagulation, while solar-aged particles showed mainly physical changes. The study suggests that current drinking water treatment processes may be less effective at removing aged nanoplastics than fresh ones.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Sustainable coagulative removal of microplastic from aquatic systems: recent progress and outlook

This review examines how natural coagulants from plants, animals, and microbes can be used to remove microplastics from water as a greener alternative to conventional chemical treatments. These bio-based coagulants, especially when combined with nanotechnology, show promising removal rates while avoiding the toxic residues left by traditional chemical approaches.

2025 RSC Advances 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal of natural organic matter from surface water sources by nanofiltration and surface engineering membranes for fouling mitigation – A review

Researchers reviewed how nanofiltration membranes can remove natural organic matter — a key source of toxic disinfection byproducts — from drinking water, and assessed how surface engineering can reduce membrane clogging (fouling). They found that membranes modified with zwitterionic polymers show the most promise for maintaining clean, effective water treatment over time.

2023 Chemosphere 64 citations
Article Tier 2

Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Their Impact on the Environment

This review covers the application of nanomaterials for water treatment and remediation, evaluating how nanomaterial properties enable removal of pollutants including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microplastics. It surveys the current state of research and discusses practical challenges for scaling up nanomaterial-based water treatment.

2020 Nanomaterials 196 citations